The association between abdominal obesity and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults: Evidence from national and regional communities

Abstract

BackgroundThe association between body shape and depressive symptoms has been reported in adults. The present study aimed to investigate the association between body shape-specific abdominal obesity and depressive symptoms among multi-regional Asian adults. MethodsThe 2011–2012 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and 2022–2023 Hangzhou study were used as the discovery and validation datasets, respectively. Body shape was assessed by body mass index categories. Abdominal obesity was defined as a body shape index (ABSI) ≥ 75th centile. Depression was measured using 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale short 15-item version, respectively. General linear and multinomial logistic models were used to explore the association of ABSI, abdominal obesity with depressive scores and presence, respectively. ResultsA total of 12,229 and 1210 participants were included in the discovery and validation datasets, respectively. A non-linear reverse L-shaped association was found between ABSI and depressive scores. Participants with abdominal obesity had higher depressive scores (β = 0.05, 95%CI = 0.01–0.09; and β = 0.13, 95%CI = 0.01–0.24; respectively). Stratified analyses showed that abdominal obesity was associated with higher depressive scores (β = 0.09, 95%CI = 0.00–0.17; and β = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.05–0.46; respectively) and presence (OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.02–2.10; and OR = 3.95, 95%CI = 1.58–9.84; respectively) in overweight adults. Furthermore, abdominal obesity was associated with depressive symptoms among overweight females, but not among males. LimitationCausal links weren't addressed because of the observational study design. ConclusionAbdominal obesity exhibited a positive association with depressive symptoms among Asian overweight adults, particularly in females. Prevention and early diagnosis of depressive symptoms should focus on overweight females.