Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates a battery of genes in response to exposure to a broad class of environmental poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). AhR is historically characterized for its role in mediating the toxicity and adaptive responses to these chemicals, however mounting evidence has established a role for it in ligand-independent physiological processes and pathological conditions, including cancer. The AhR is overexpressed and constitutively activated in advanced breast cancer cases and was shown to drive the progression of breast cancer. In this article we will review the current state of knowledge on the possible role of AhR in breast cancer and how it will be exploited in targeting AhR for breast cancer therapy.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancerrelated death in women in the US [1]
This dual double-edge role may make aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) a rather difficult target for breast cancer therapy, the focus will be on the unique aspects of its biology that is more specific to breast cancer invasion and metastasis
The AhR may play a role in breast development in utero, during pregnancy and is reported to play a critical role in breast cancer development
Summary
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancerrelated death in women in the US [1]. The AhR is a member of the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) family of transcription factors [6]. It is the only known ligand-activated member of the bHLH-PAS family [7]. The AhR proved to play a central role in driving the normal mammary gland development, and in an analogous fashion to drive the breast cancer progression. This dual double-edge role may make AhR a rather difficult target for breast cancer therapy, the focus will be on the unique aspects of its biology that is more specific to breast cancer invasion and metastasis
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