The Ars traducendi of Hilduin of St. Denis

This article examines the life and work of Henry Jessey (1601–1663), a significant yet often overlooked figure in 17th-century English Baptist and Judeo-Christian relations. Against the backdrop of the English Interregnum, Jessey emerged as a zealous advocate for the Jewish people, intertwining his theological convictions with political and social activism. This study explores Jessey’s theological motivations, particularly his Judeo-centric millenarianism, which fueled his advocacy for the readmission of Jews to England and their eschatological role in God’s redemptive plan. Jessey’s contributions ranged from scholarly endeavors, such as translating and expanding upon Jewish sources, to practical acts of benevolence, including financial relief for Jewish communities in Jerusalem. His participation in the Whitehall Conference of 1655 further highlights his efforts to bridge theological and cultural divides. Through Jessey’s life, this article reveals the interplay of religious toleration, eschatological expectation, and Christian philo-semitism, positioning him as a pivotal figure in the broader narrative of Anglo-Jewish history and Baptist theology.

Abstract: This study examines the formation, structure, and linguistic practices of Russian-speaking digital communities in South Korea, with a particular focus on the integration of Korean words into Russian-language communication. Through web crawling and natural language processing techniques, the research analyzes a large-scale dataset collected from online platforms such as Telegram. Findings reveal that these migrant communities, formed primarily out of economic necessity, rely heavily on self-organized digital networks for employment information, housing, and social adaptation. Linguistically, while Russian remains the primary medium of communication, Korean words are widely adopted and systematically integrated into Russian grammar and semantics. The words undergo phonological adaptation, morphological inflection, and semantic shifts, reflecting migrants’ practical needs and lived experiences within Korean society. Terms related to work, administrative procedures, and geographic locations are particularly prominent. Semantic reconfigurations—such as apaty ‘apartment’, denoting high-rise or luxury housing, shchipun ’10 minutes’, referring to break time, and andzhon ‘safety’, indicating safety boots—show how borrowed terms evolve in meaning. Such shifts often coincide with grammatical innovations like pluralization, especially when abstract or collective concepts become concrete and countable. These patterns reveal how contact-induced language change is shaped by the interplay of grammar and semantics, driven by the sociocultural realities of migration. The study demonstrates that digital platforms not only facilitate the spread of borrowings but also foster the emergence of hybrid linguistic practices. Korean words have become embedded elements of migrant Russian, signaling broader processes of cultural negotiation and linguistic innovation. This research contributes to understanding how language contact evolves in digitally mediated diasporic settings and highlights the dynamic interaction among migration, technology, and language change.

This study is devoted to the nuances of metaphor and metonymy translation, in particular, to the works of Guillaume Apollinaire and their Russian translations. The article begins by defining the theoretical foundations of metaphor and metonymy, drawing on linguistic and cognitive theories to emphasise their importance in literary discourse. It then provides a thorough analysis of Apollinaire's unique stylistic elements, highlighting the fusion of visual and verbal poetics and how these aspects pose a challenge to the translator. The main part of the study is an in-depth analysis of selected Apollinaire works, offering a comparative analysis of the original French texts and their Russian counterparts. This segment highlights the difficulties inherent in translating Apollinaire's rich metaphorical and metonymic language, marked by a characteristic combination of visual imagery and linguistic innovation. The study uses a range of linguistic examples to demonstrate both successful and problematic translation solutions, providing a multifaceted insight into the translation process. The paper then examines the specific difficulties of translating metaphor and metonymy into Russian, given the linguistic and cultural differences between French and Russian. It presents various translation techniques such as substitution, modulation and word-for-word translation and evaluates their effectiveness in bridging the gap between the two languages. The study also critically examines examples where direct translation fails to convey the essence of the original, emphasising the importance of cultural context and idiomatic appropriateness in translation. The conclusion summarises the findings, highlighting the crucial role of cultural and cognitive considerations when translating metaphors and metonymies.

Modern linguistic innovations have significantly transformed the landscape of language teaching. The integration of digital technology, artificial intelligence, and data-driven methodologies has enabled educators to enhance language acquisition processes. This article explores these advancements, examining their implications for pedagogy, learner engagement, and linguistic diversity. The study also considers challenges associated with implementing innovative practices in linguistics and proposes pathways for further research.

This paper explores the rapid emergence and widespread use of slang language on social media platforms and its profound implications on communication, education, and cultural identity, with a specific focus on Tamil-English hybrid slang. Slang, often used for quick, expressive, and informal communication among youth, is shown to evolve through digital culture, memes, and cross-language code-switching. While it enhances personal expression and peer bonding, it also poses challenges to traditional grammar, formal writing, and linguistic integrity. The study identifies significant educational concerns such as the decline in formal language proficiency, deviation from curriculum standards, and exclusion of non-native or rural learners. Socially, slang promotes in-group identity and self-branding but can deepen generational and cultural divides. Furthermore, it alters the grammatical and literary aesthetics of Tamil, threatening the sustainability of its classical form. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating language awareness, digital content creation in Tamil, and curriculum reforms to ensure a balanced coexistence of innovation and tradition in linguistic practices.

The convergence of pragmatics and linguistic elements is crucial in translation, because meaning is frequently influenced by context rather than by literal interpretation. This study examines how pragmatic principles—such as implicature, speech actions, and contextual inference—improve the precision and efficacy of translation between languages. The research illustrates that by examining use circumstances, such as cultural subtleties, situational environments, and speaker motivations, pragmatic awareness allows translators to more successfully close language and cultural divides. This paper emphasizes the significance of integrating pragmatic ideas into translation techniques through case studies of multilingual literature and real-world translation settings. The results indicate that a comprehensive grasp of context-specific language elements enhances translation quality and promotes cross-cultural communication. This research emphasizes the need of incorporating pragmatics into translation theory and education, providing a foundation for future investigations in this evolving discipline.

Mahasweta Devi, a renowned Indian author and social activist, is celebrated for her remarkable contributions to literature and her commitment to advocating for marginalized communities. One of the earliest Indian writers to recognize and explore the deep cultural and national divides between the mainstream and peripheral groups, Devi’s works bring into focus the harsh realitiesfaced by tribal communities. She exposed the systemic neglect and exploitation of these marginalized groups, particularly in the context of their exclusion from both history and the nation’s contemporary framework. Through her literary activism, Devi became a pivotal figure in using writing as a means of challenging and changing the social order. This paper examines Devi’s portrayal of tribal communities, especially through the lens of four critical themes: Ignorance, Denial, Suppression, and Exploitation. Devi’sliterary approach merges the realms of art and activism, emphasizing that writing is not merely a creative pursuit but a tool for social transformation. She was one of the first to acknowledge the deliberate erasure of tribal voices from the official narrative of India’s history. The communities she championed had been, for centuries, excluded and silenced by dominant societal forces. Devi’s stories, particularly her short stories, highlight the impacts of this exclusion, presenting a vivid picture of the tribal experience in a society that has, for the most part, remained unaware or indifferent to their existence. The focus of this research is to explore howIgnorance and Denial intersect, with mainstream society failing to acknowledge the rich cultural heritage and contributions of tribal people. This ignorance is not simply a lack of awareness but a deliberate act of omission, further marginalizing the tribal communities and reinforcing their invisibility. The theme of Suppression in Devi’s works is a direct consequence of this Ignorance and Denial. Tribals are subjected to systemic oppression—politically, socially, and economically. Devi's characters, representing the marginalized sections of society, are often forced to navigate a hostile environment, where their voices are stifled, and their struggles remain unnoticed. Her stories illustrate the harsh realities of life in rural areas, where tribal people are continuously fighting to preserve their identity and dignity against forces that seek to erase them. Through these narratives, Devi exposes the social and institutional forces that attempt to suppress tribal populations, highlighting the stark contrast between their resilience and the overwhelming power of mainstream society. The final critical element of Devi’s portrayal is Exploitation. In her stories, the economic, cultural, and political systems are shown to not only ignore the rights of tribals but also actively exploit their labor, land, and resources. The exploitation is portrayed as an intrinsic part of the social and economic system that perpetuates the suffering of these communities. Devi’s short stories bring these issues to the forefront, showing the devastating effects of such exploitation on tribal communities, as well as their struggles for survival and recognition. This study analyses16 tribal short stories by Mahasweta Devi, examining how each story reflects the interconnected themes of Ignorance, Denial, Suppression, and Exploitation. The research is organized into five chapters, starting with an introduction to Devi’s life and work, followed by a review of literature that links her writings to the subaltern theory.

The digital communication landscape has undergone a profound transformation, with social media platforms like TikTok emerging as critical sites for linguistic innovation. This research examines the intricate mechanisms of digital slang generation among Generation Z, exploring the complex interplay between technological architecture, user creativity, and sociocultural dynamics. Employing a qualitative content analysis approach, the study investigates linguistic practices within TikTok comment sections, focusing on slang formation mechanisms, algorithmic dissemination, and cultural identity functions. The research reveals sophisticated linguistic strategies including zeroidation, diphthongization, lexical shifts, and code-mixing, demonstrating how Gen Z actively reconstructs communication paradigms. The platform's algorithmic recommendation system facilitates unprecedented rapid language evolution, with slang terms transitioning from marginal usage to widespread adoption within hours. Digital slang serves multifaceted purposes: creating humor, signaling contemporaneity, facilitating social relations, and establishing intimate group identities. The study highlights the tension between linguistic innovation and preservation, suggesting that digital platforms are not passive mediums but active agents in linguistic transformation. By providing a nuanced sociolinguistic lens, the research contributes crucial insights into how digital technologies reshape communicative landscapes and generational identity construction in the 21st century. Keywords: Digital Slang, Gen Z, TikTok, Linguistic Innovation, Social Media Communication

Place is an integral part of social network analysis, which reconstructs network structures and documents the network members’ linguistic practices in a community. Historical network analysis presents particular challenges in both respects. This article first discusses the kinds of data, official documents, personal letters and diaries that historians have used in reconstructing social networks and communities. These analyses could be enriched by including linguistic data and, vice versa, historical sociolinguistic findings may often be interpreted in terms of social networks.Focusing on Early Modern London, I present two case studies, the first one investigating a sixteenth-century merchant family exchange network and the second discussing the seventeenth-century naval administrator Samuel Pepys, whose role as a community broker between the City and Westminster is assessed in linguistic terms. My results show how identifying the leaders and laggers of linguistic change can add to our understanding of the varied ways in which linguistic innovations spread to and from Tudor and Stuart London both within and across social networks.

Although recognition in the standard literary and intellectual histories of the nineteenth century still eludes her, Anna Kingsford (1846–88) could certainly claim to be a pivotal figure in the Victorian representation of women of faith. She might even count as two pivotal figures, since in 1863 — some years before she took the name by which she is generally not recognized — it is possible to meet her, already writing fiction, as plain Annie Bonus. The title-page of Beatrice: A Tale of the Early Christians1 further diminishes the Annie, in fact, to an initial; and the (at most) 25,000 words of text make Beatrice a slim volume indeed. But released in this apparently modest début were an integrity and a fervour rivalling those of the designated heroine. The idea of the female martyr had so seized Annie Bonus’s imagination that, for Beatrice, she devoted all of her resources to restating and refurbishing it in an impressively compact fictional narrative — and then extended this, I shall argue, into a determined effort to realize it afresh in her own subsequent career.KeywordsChurch HistoryGuardian AngelDirect Personal ExperienceGolden HairLoving SpouseThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This study examines the relationship between cultural heritage and syntactic evolution in multilingual societies, focusing on cross-generational language transmission. Employing a mixed-methods approach, it analyzes linguistic practices, cultural narratives, and syntactic patterns across three generational cohorts in five distinct multilingual communities. Findings reveal significant generational shifts, with elders preserving traditional syntax linked to cultural rituals, while younger cohorts exhibit syntactic simplifications and hybrid constructions influenced by dominant languages. Statistical analyses underscore the role of cultural practices in shaping linguistic patterns, highlighting the dynamic interplay between heritage preservation and linguistic innovation in contexts of societal bilingualism and intercultural interaction. The research demonstrates that syntactic changes correlate strongly with the frequency and depth of cultural engagement, with participants who actively participate in traditional practices showing greater retention of heritage language syntactic features. Furthermore, we identify specific linguistic mechanisms through which cultural transmission influences syntactic maintenance and innovation, including ritualized speech patterns, narrative structures, and metaphorical expressions embedded in cultural practices. This study contributes to theoretical understandings of language change by proposing a cultural-syntactic framework that helps explain the variable trajectories of heritage languages in diverse multilingual contexts.

The subject of this article is broadly understood ‘language correction’. The very term has been borrowed from Wojciech Ligeza and it covers here, amongst other concepts, linguistic innovation, metaphor (conceptual and experimental), ‘terminus technicus’, word play, and intertextuality which takes various forms and is evident, first of all, in poems by W. Szymborska, but also by J. Twardowski and J. Tuwim. Invention of the author of a poetic text poses a considerable challenge for the translator. The introduction of intermittent word formation adjustments and manipulations of grammar categories are also visible in everyday speech. However, they seem to be the programme manifesto (or a determinant of the world outlook) in the literature. They occupy a special place in the hierarchy of values as “the features to be saved during the process of translation”. This concept, however, may also be referred to as the creativity of the translator, possibly seen as reaching the innovative denouements and the process of creating new versions of translation. The deliberations concern translations from Polish into German. The description of selected text fragments, sometimes single lexical items, illustrates the selection and operation of translation techniques. The analysis is a pretext for deeper metalinguistic reflection. Although it seems to be a truism, the non-assimilability of the language systems makes us realize better the understanding of language features which are euphemistically described in a surface concept of language flexibility.

This paper explores the dynamic landscape of Chinese internet slang and digital culture, analyzing its evolution, impact, and challenges. Through case studies and critical analysis, it delves into the linguistic innovations, cultural implications, and societal dynamics shaping digital discourse in contemporary China. The study investigates the emergence of new slang terms, the role of digital platforms in fostering online communities, and the complexities of navigating privacy concerns and regulatory frameworks. By examining future directions and implications, the paper seeks to offer insights into the transformative potential of Chinese internet slang and digital culture in shaping communication, identity, and social interactions in the digital age.

As a philosopher, psychologist, and physician, the German thinker Hermann Lotze (1817–81) defies classification. Working in the mid-nineteenth-century era of programmatic realism, he critically reviewed and rearranged theories and concepts in books on pathology, physiology, medical psychology, anthropology, history, aesthetics, metaphysics, logic, and religion. Leading anatomists and physiologists reworked his hypotheses about the central and autonomic nervous systems. Dozens of fin-de-siècle philosophical contemporaries emulated him, yet often without acknowledgment, precisely because he had made conjecture and refutation into a method. In spite of Lotze's status as a pivotal figure in nineteenth-century intellectual thought, no complete treatment of his work exists, and certainly no effort to take account of the feminist secondary literature. Hermann Lotze: An Intellectual Biography is the first full-length historical study of Lotze's intellectual origins, scientific community, institutional context, and worldwide reception.

An abundantly rich and vivid resource for anyone interested in the flora, fauna, medicine and scientific knowledge in early colonial America. At the crossroads of faith and science, Cotton Mather-Puritan minister, political figure and fellow of the Royal Society-pursued a rigorous inquiry into the natural world. Between 1712 and 1724, he sent over 80 letters to the Royal Society, engaging with the same intellectual network as luminaries such as Isaac Newton, Edmond Halley and Robert Boyle. His Curiosa Americana letters document New England's flora and fauna, unusual meteorological events, medical advancements and transatlantic scientific discourse, revealing Mather as a pivotal figure in the early Enlightenment, deeply engaged in the era's defining debates. This volume presents the first complete, scholarly edition of Curiosa Americana, offering transcriptions and annotations that illuminate Mather's contributions to natural philosophy. His observations-ranging from smallpox inoculation and germ theory to "monstrous" births and marine volcanoes-capture the dynamic interplay between science, religion and colonial identity. Accompanied by a substantial introduction, the collection situates Mather within the broader networks of the early modern Republic of Letters, challenging long-held assumptions about the intellectual landscape of colonial America. Essential reading for scholars of early modern science, intellectual history, and Atlantic studies, this work restores Mather's letters to their rightful place in the history of transatlantic knowledge production.