The applied artist’s body as source material

This chapter distinguishes between ‘biopiracy’ and ‘bioprospecting’, before identifying characteristics, elements and features of biopiracy (e.g., appropriation, exploitation and injustice), and then delineating the harms produced by biopiracy (e.g., distributive, ecological, sociological, symbolic, epistemological). From here, the chapter discusses the ‘actors’ involved in biopiracy (e.g., ‘users’, ‘suppliers’) and the ‘target market’ or ‘market designation’ for the different ‘source materials’—the basic resource or raw material used. The chapter concludes with some future challenges for green criminologists interested in researching further the processes and impacts of biopiracy. An overarching theme of the chapter is that countries in the Global South have been paying a huge ecological and human price for policies and practices developed and driven by affluent nations in the Global North.

This article argues for more extensive attention by environmental historians to the role of agriculture and animals in twentieth-century industrialisation and globalisation. To contribute to this aim, this article focuses on the animal feed that enabled the rise of 'factory farming' and its 'shadow places', by analysing the history of fishmeal. The article links the story of feeding fish to pigs and chickens in one country in the global north (the Netherlands), to that of fishmeal producing countries in the global south (Peru, Chile and Angola in particular) from 1954 to 1975. Analysis of new source material about fishmeal consumption from this period shows that it saw a shift to fishmeal production in the global south rather than the global north, and a boom and bust in the global supply of fishmeal in general and its use in Dutch pigs and poultry farms in particular. Moreover, in different ways, the ocean, and production and consumption places of fishmeal functioned as shadow places of this commodity. The public health, ecological and social impacts of fishmeal - which were a consequence of its cheapness as a feed ingredient - were largely invisible on the other side of the world, until changes in the marine ecosystem of the Pacific Humboldt Current and the large fishmeal crisis of 1972-1973 suddenly changed this.

Almost twenty years have passed since Korean women first began to raise the issue of comfort women before public opinion in the early 1990’s. During this time, the issue has become part of the larger stream of the international women’s movement, and has come to be viewed as part of the sexual violence occurring in areas of military unrest worldwide. Also during this time, women throughout Asia who have survived their ordeals as comfort women have finally begun to speak out about their experiences after maintaining a long silence since the war. Among these survivors, however, Japanese women still maintain their silence. Despite the fact that many of the women forced to serve as comfort women for the Japanese military were in fact of Japanese origin, these women have not been addressed in the effort to identify survivors or in support movements. 1 In fact, Japanese survivors had already begun to speak out as early as the 1980’s, before the support movement for comfort women had come into full swing. Shirota Suzuko (1921 –1993) 2 strove to make her voice heard to convince the government to build a memorial for comfort women. Although her wish was granted and a memorial was built, her story never reached society properly. And in the 1990s, when Korean women began to speak out, the plight of Japanese comfort women continued to be largely ignored both within the support movement and within society. In this report, I wish to address how this opacity with regards to Japanese comfort women had come about. In recent years, encouraged by the resolutions passed in the US Congress and European Parliament, movements have begun in Japan toward the establishment of laws and resolutions in Japanese municipal councils. 3 I believe that in order to position the

Among interventions that seek to improve parenting skills, the evidence base on fathers' participation is small, methodologically weak and overwhelmingly from the global north (Western contexts). A systematic review (Panter‐Brick et al. 2014) identified only 92 interventions that disaggregated findings by sex‐of‐parent. Sample sizes of fathers were usually small, the impact of engaging with both parents was almost never measured and evaluation design was weak. Mothers, fathers, and children benefit when fathers are engaged in parenting support. Engaging both parents is usually more effective than engaging just one. Content, style, methods, goals, and facilitator training may need to be modified if fathers are to be successfully included. Fathers' impact on children's development is substantial, for good and ill. Marginalizing such important players in parenting interventions, amounts to poor professional practice and may compromise the safety of mothers and children.

Informal urbanization in the global North is an emerging field of research. Likewise, the need to expand existing morphological analysis into informal settlements is well established but lacks material. As our long-term study is able to show, Vienna was one of the European ‘capitals’ of informal urbanization in the 20th century. Drawing on both historical and present-day geodata and surveys, we trace the emergence and transformation of ‘wild’ settlements over the course of a century. City-wide GIS-reconstructions help us to localize and quantify Vienna's informal fringe. We discuss situational and site factors, the spatial patterns of clearance and legalization.Our research documents the remarkable scale and persistence of Vienna's ‘wild’ settlements. By the mid-1900s, the self-made “city of settlers and gardeners” had transformed more than 43 km2 of peri-urban terrain. Formalization and infrastructural retrofitting were a piecemeal process that lasted until the early 2000s, in some cases even until the present. It resulted in a patchwork of both legal status and urban tissues. The informal ‘facts on the ground’ not only came to structure and shape the residential suburbs of today's agglomeration, but also fed back on the planning instruments and the authorities that tried to enforce them.Informal urbanization in Vienna, as is often the case in the Global South nowadays, was a mode of production of space driven by desires for a better life, for autonomous nutrition and affordable housing. Tracing Vienna's ‘wild’ fringe, we conclude, helps to further demythologize the notion of “Northern formality” and contributes to a small, but growing number of long-term studies on informal (sub)urbanization. Moreover, our study shows that there are ways to reconstruct the settlement patterns of the urban poor even for the pre-google-earth era, provided there is the necessary source material and technical capabilities. Thus, it contributes to the methodological array in urban studies and the study of urban form in general.

PurposeThe study aims examine the popular master narrative that marketing education in Britain first appeared in the 1960s and understand if its origins can in fact be traced to an earlier period. This is undertaken through an examination of the courses taught from 1902 to 1969 at the Faculty of Commerce, University of Birmingham, Great Britain.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on a number of primary source materials held at the archives at the Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham, that are related to the Faculty of Commerce.FindingsThe study identifies that marketing courses were being taught in Britain long before the 1960s by the new business schools; we can trace its origins to the beginning of the twentieth century at Birmingham. From 1902 onwards, marketing was consistently part of the syllabus of the undergraduate programme and it became part of the core syllabus of the post-graduate programme.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of the study require marketing education scholars and scholars of the emergence of marketing thought to revise their beliefs concerning the emergence of marketing education in Great Britain and situate this in an earlier period.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates the historical value of studying early commerce syllabi and the manner in which marketing-themed content was delivered to students.

The authors Richard Rose and Caryn Peiffer discuss the meaning and standards of corruption by looking at countries in the Global North and Global South in their contribution entitled Understanding Corruption in Different Contexts. They refer to fuzzy and broad definitions of corruption in circulation worldwide and emphasize the demand for an integrated explanation of corruption by following an interdisciplinary approach. The chapter offers a review of social scientists’ theories about causes and consequences of corruption followed by new findings and evidence from a comparison of 122 countries around the globe assessed by the Global Corruption Barometer and 176 countries compared by the Corruption Perceptions Index of Transparency International. Rose and Peiffer find that generalizations about corruption in countries grouped according to geography and culture are misleading. Variations in national context within continents are greater than differences between mean ratings of continents. A superficial comparison of the degree of corruption across continents and countries of the Global South and North is fallacious. The authors suggest nine principles for reducing retail corruption with high practical value. In particular, they emphasize that reducing direct contact between public servants and citizens by delivering services electronically can result in more efficient public services at the grass roots and simultaneously lower the possibilities for corrupt behavior.

Emerald Studies in Sport and Gender promotes research on two important and related areas within sport studies: women and gender. The concept of gender is included in the series title in order to problematise traditional binary thinking that classifies individuals as male or female, rather than looking at the full gender spectrum. In sport contexts, this is a particularly relevant and controversial issue, for example, in the case of transgendered athletes and female athletes with hyperandrogenism. The concept of sport is interpreted broadly to include activities ranging from physical recreation to high-performance sport. The interdisciplinary nature of the series will encompass social and cultural history and philosophy as well as sociological analyses of contemporary issues. Since any analysis of sport and gender has political implications and advocacy applications, learning from history is essential. Contributors to the series are encouraged to develop an intersectional analysis where appropriate, by examining how multiple identities, including gender, sexuality, ethnicity, social class and ability, intersect to shape the sport experiences of women and men who are Indigenous, racialised, members of ethnic minorities, LGBTQ, working class or disabled. We welcome submissions from both early career and more established researchers.

More than thirty years have passed since Kim Hak-soon’s courageous silence-breaking in 1991. Still, there is a paucity of research on the Japanese victims of the ‘comfort women’ system. The narratives of Japanese comfort women as gendered imperial subjects reveal that militarism and nationalism work hand in hand to mercilessly exploit women and to silence their voices of trauma as a strategy of statecraft. This article deconstructs various accounts of the hidden voices of some Japanese survivors with a focus on relationships between women and the state. To this end, this study will analyse the oral/written testimonies of comfort women who chose ‘honourable death’ with Japanese soldiers, five schoolgirls who volunteered to become comfort women, military typists who were forced to comfort stations and Okinawan women who were mobilised into comfort stations in preparation for the total war against the Allied Forces. Their silenced narratives offer profound insights into a specific form of Japanese nationalism with the emperor as the pinnacle.

Spatial thinking is the cognitive skill of combining concepts of space, representation tools, and reasoning processes to solve complex spatial problems. Despite significant advances in geospatial technologies, individuals still lack this important skill, especially when working with maps and geospatial data. Spatial thinking abilities have been assessed for school learners and university students, but to our knowledge, not yet for those with work experience. A better understanding of the level of spatial thinking abilities in the geospatial industry can help us to understand whether experience and daily work with maps and geospatial data improve spatial thinking abilities. In this paper, we present the results of an exploratory study in which respondents from the geospatial industry of South Africa completed the spatial thinking ability test (STAT) developed by Lee and Bednarz (2012). Results indicate that gender, age, qualification level and discipline do not influence an individual’s spatial thinking ability. However, work experience and the type of work people engage with on a daily basis impact a person’s spatial thinking ability. Our results provide a baseline for further comparative studies, e.g., between the Global South and North, and also with other industries. In further research, the influence of other factors, e.g., dance, art and travel experience, on spatial thinking abilities should also be investigated. We encourage others to conduct similar studies so that the understanding of what develops spatial thinking abilities beyond a school and university education can be improved.

Frode Helland. in Practice: Relational Readings of Performance, Cultural Encounters and Power. Methuen Drama Engage. New York: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, 2015. Pp. xiv + 272. $29.95. Its both odd and slightly charming that Germans think of Henrik as German. As Marvin Carlson once observed, when Germans refer the Norwegian dramatist they often do so by the endearing title of Unser (Our Ibsen). According Frode Helland, however, the Germans are not alone in their cooptation of Ibsen. In his expansive new study in Practice: Relational Readings of Performance, Culture Encounters and Power, Helland reveals how theatre-makers in Chile, Iran, China, Zimbabwe, and Egypt possess their own unique claims of kinship with and his oeuvre. Investigating and unearthing such claims--by approaching them, in Foucaultian sense, as always interwoven within culture--is major undertaking of in Practice. The book focuses chiefly on the role that the state plays in the transmitting and shaping of ... Ibsens plays globally, which, in Hellands view, largely boils down one of two ways: sponsorship or censorship (4). On more perfunctory level, Helland's study provides extensive description and contextual analysis of major productions of Ibsen's plays across the (mostly contemporary) global north and south, providing an opportune sourcebook for researchers and scholars across disciplines, particularly those interested in the rapidly expanding worldwide phenomenon that might best be termed: #InterculturalIbsen. Organized by case studies of productions of Ibsen's plays on four different continents, In Practice begins with an introduction that clarifies its primary goal: To chart some of the relational factors that influence the practice in the performances analysed as part of broader effort to escape the mutually exclusive alternatives of internal interpretation and external explanation (2-3). Helland is clear up front that he seeks emphasise the social and political production of 'Ibsen' as an ongoing process (3) rather than as, presumably, fait accompli. Helland also opposes treating Ibsen's plays as original or source (3) material (as is often done Sophocles or Shakespeare), noting the importance of viewing them as Norwegian. As Helland stresses throughout the book, intercultural manifestations of Ibsen such as Norwegian-Chinese Doll House or an Egyptian-Norwegian Peer Gynt are often only made possible through the financial backing of the State of Norway as part of its targeted cultural optics of soft diplomacy (5). Charged with keeping track of Norway's promotional agenda, as well as the political and cultural motivations of the various state apparatuses in which Ibsens plays have been produced, in Practice assigns itself rather Herculean task: provide (in sometimes encyclopedic manner) the intercultural contexts of each of the more than twelve productions it closely analyzes. The book's first chapter, Against Capitalist Realism: Thomas Ostermeier, boldly positions the contemporary German director as the most influential director today (3). Positioning Ostermeier's versions of Ibsen, specifically the Berlin Schaubuhnes touring productions of Hedda Gabler and Enemy of the People, as neither post-dramatic nor deep psychological portraits, Helland rightly characterizes them as surprisingly traditional (15). While Ostermeier's is overtly critical of neoliberal capitalism, Helland argues, it evades riskier or more powerful formalist intervention in Ibsens canon. With its panopticon-like revolving stage designed by Jan Pappelbaum and accompanying lounge-inspired Beach Boys soundtrack, Ostermeier's Hedda--whose titular figure is played neither as romantic heroine nor as victim of social or psychological ills but rather with beautiful surface appearance (22) by Katharina Schuttler--becomes a portrait of generation and social class (24), striving maintain higher social status under the threateningly austere policies of the Hartz IV era. …

This paper focuses on two films produced and performed in 1974 to examine the perception of ‘comfort women’ in the Korean and Japanese societies before the 1990s. It is a movie “Women’s Dei Shin Tai” and “The Japanese military comfort women” produced and performed in Korea and Japan in 1974. In order to visualize the significance and problems that each film has in the area of “Comfort women” related discourses and representations, first of all, “Korean comfort women” have been represented in post-war Japanese popular culture You need to find out. The novel “syunpuden” depicting the love and death of Japanese soldiers and “Korean comfort women”, Has been filmed three times in postwar Japan. In this process, the heroine’s “ethnicity” is made invisible.<BR> The Korean movie “Women’s Dei Shin Tai”, which borrowed the story and structure of the movie “syunpuden”, points out the contradictions inherent in the representation of “Korean comfort women” in postwar Japanese films by changing male characters into Korean. However, here, the aspect of the ‘comfort women’ problem is turning back to the ‘national’ discourse is symbolically revealed.<BR> Meanwhile, the heroine of the movie “The Japanese military comfort women” is not “Korean comfort women” but “Japanese comfort women”. This is different from the scheme of “comfort women” in postwar Japan. Here, it can be seen that the ‘comfort women’ problem in Japan in the 1970s is linked to the ‘Karayuki San’ that traditional discrimination problem of women.

This study aims to investigate the adaptation shifts between Frances Hodgson Burnett’s classical children’s novel The Secret Garden, published in 1911, and the movie of the same name, which was directed by Marc Munden and released in 2020. To conduct the analysis, the model proposed by Katerina Perdikaki, who employs the model of intersemiotic translation for analysing adaptations, is used. This interdisciplinary approach has identified common features in both translation and adaptation studies. For a systematic analysis of the film adaptation, descriptive/comparative and interpretive perspectives are investigated. At the descriptive level, certain adaptation shifts in plot structure, narrative technique, characterization, and setting are examined. Considerable shifts occur between the novel and the movie in both descriptive and interpretive levels. To explain the reasons for the shifts, economic, creative, and social explanations are given as suggested by Perdikaki. Prominent shifts are observed in the movie since certain characters are not included from the novel. While modulation occurs when certain elements are highlighted or downplayed, modification indicates considerable shifts (radical changes) from the source material. Finally, mutation occurs when scenes from the source material are not included (excision) in the adaptation or when new scenes are added (addition).

The focus of the essay is on the scholarly tendencies which impacted the art historical study of Symbolism. Based on the unique practice and experience of the Russian specialists working under the aegis of the inter-institutional collective “European Symbolism and the Style Moderne”, “A Bibliographical Index: ‘Symbolism in the Visual Arts from the mid-19th to the First Decades of the 20th Century’” was completed in 2019. This was the first endeavour to compile and systematize art historical literature and source materials — published over more than a century — treating of Symbolism and visual culture. The underlying art historical criterion guiding the concept and composition of the Index and the actual selection of the bibliographical titles (assembled by Olga Davydova) was intended to reveal the global significance of the entries to the evolution of Symbolism and the Style Moderne and to emphasize those particular contents and thematic issues which had drawn scholars of Symbolism in twenty-two different countries. In turn, this helped us to observe the mechanisms which — from the standpoint of history and the theory of art — influenced the evolution of Symbolism worldwide. The contemporary, interdisciplinary approach followed during the compilation of the Index also enabled to focus attention not only on the study of Symbolism as an artistic phenomenon, but also on the issues of professional and methodological research within the area of art history. This is the first time that such an account examines the potential influence of Symbolism on the establishment of an analytical history of art — one beyond academic publications treating directly of the movement as a specific object of investigation.

Copper oxide (CuO) was synthesized through a heat treatment approach from copper-(II) nitrate trihydrate {Cu-(NO3)2·3H2O} as source material and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as capping agent. The obtained powder was annealed from 300 to 500 °C (in 50 °C steps) and further characterized at each of these temperatures with a battery of techniques to understand the influence of temperature on their final structures and electrical performance. XRD patterns proved that CuO nanoparticles have high purity and crystallinity (crystallite size ∼43 nm). FESEM images showed that nanoparticles are colloidal, irregular-shaped, and rod-like structures whose size is influenced by the thermal treatment. Their stoichiometry was confirmed by EDX spectrum, and HR-TEM corroborated CuO planes. Infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies correlate well with CuO nanoparticles being formed and free from PVP residues when annealing to T a > 350 °C. UV-vis spectrophotometry revealed a decrease in the energy band gap up to T a = 400 °C, after which it increases, with electrical conductivity showing this same trend. Resistivity shows a sharp increase (maximum value at T a = 500 °C). The fluorescent intensity decreased with annealing temperature due to the recombination of electrons and holes of CuO-free excitons, demonstrated by photoluminescence. Small amounts of Cu-(I) present on the nanoparticle surface were investigated by CO adsorption (FTIR), revealing the largest amount observed when T a = 400 °C. The wide bandgap CuO NPs obtained can handle high temperatures and maintain environmental stability, and their synthesis by heat treatment is proposed as a potential alternative way of preparation due to its simple nature.