Abstract
We developed a method of modifying the polyester material to produce ion exchange fiber sorbents. The production of cation exchange sorbents involved the treatment of polyester fibers with a 20–25% solution of NH2NH2H2O at 70–90°C and a 5% solution of NaOH at 40°C. Anion exchange sorbents were prepared by the treatment of cation exchange sorbents with a 1–5% solution of polyethylenimine at ambient temperature. These new types of sorbents can be used to remove radionuclides, heavy metal ions and organic contaminants from wastewater and drinking water. We studied main properties of these sorbents and their ability to remove 57Co, 60Co, 65Zn, 89Sr, 90Sr, 134Cs, 137Cs and other radionuclides, heavy metal ions (Zn, Ni, Cu, Sb, Pb, Cd, Cr, U, etc.), organic molecules M (pesticides, phenols, dioxins, benzene, toluene, etc.), radio-labeled organic molecules M-32P, M-131I, M-99Mo+99mTc, M-14C, etc. The static exchange capacity is 1–2 meq/g for cationic sorbents and 0.5–1 meq/g for anionic sorbents. The developed sorbents have been effective in removing low concentrations of contaminants from water (lower than 100–200 mg/L) as well as in purifying the gas mixtures from toxic and aggressive gases: SO2, SO3, NH3, H2S, etc.
Highlights
Drinking water and wastewater purification from radionuclides, heavy metal ions and organic contaminants is one of the most important problems of the modern world
(-NHCH2CH2-)x[-(CH2CH2NH2)CH2CH2-]y solutions were used for the treatment of polyester fiber filters to make ion exchange sorbents
Anion exchange sorbents are made by treatment of cation exchange filters in an H-form with a water solution of polyethylenimine
Summary
Drinking water and wastewater purification from radionuclides, heavy metal ions and organic contaminants is one of the most important problems of the modern world. The ion exchange method utilizing different types of resins and fiber sorbents [1] is widely used. The advantage of fiber ion-exchange sorbents over resin is their high sorption rate, effective regeneration and a low pressure drop value of the sorbent layer for purified water [2-4]. The specific surface of fiber sorbents is [2,3].104 m2/kg, i.e. about 102 times greater than that of resin (102 m2/kg). Fiber sorbents have a much higher sorption rate than resin. The main drawback of fiber sorbents is their very low specific weight which is 50–200 kg/m3 [5-8]
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