Abstract
Activated carbon modified by ozone treatment was examined. The process was carried out in a glass reactor under a continuous flow of ozone through a bed of activated carbon for 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. The modified and unmodified carbon materials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis was used to estimate the presence of oxygen groups in the carbon structure. The surface area and pore size distribution were examined by nitrogen adsorption method at 77 K. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to estimate the functional groups of modified activated carbon. The carbon content was estimated using the elemental analysis. The process of ozonation increases oxygen functionalities, thus the activated carbon was tested as electrodes for an electrochemical capacitor. The performance of an electrochemical capacitor was estimated by selected alternating (AC) and direct current (DC) methods in 1 M H2SO4, 1 M Na2SO4, and 6 M KOH electrolytes.
Highlights
IntroductionA lot of carbonaceous materials such as biomasses (pitch, coconut shell, bamboo waste, and other agricultural waste), polymeric materials, and coal can be used as precursors for activated carbon production
A lot of carbonaceous materials such as biomasses, polymeric materials, and coal can be used as precursors for activated carbon production
In order to determine the structural changes effected by ozone treatment, samples were submitted for analysis before and after they were modified using Raman spectroscopy
Summary
A lot of carbonaceous materials such as biomasses (pitch, coconut shell, bamboo waste, and other agricultural waste), polymeric materials, and coal can be used as precursors for activated carbon production. Because of their outstanding properties, activated carbons (such as a high surface area, a high degree of microporosity, atoxicity, and conductivity) are widely used as, e.g., an adsorbent in water or gas purification as well as for energy storage and conversion [1,2,3,4]. One method of modifying the carbon structure is oxidation by its exposure to ozone. The process of ozonation leads to an increase in the concentration of oxygen functionalities (carboxylic, carbonyl, hydroxyl, lactonic, or ether) [11, 12]
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