Abstract
Objectives/AimsTo evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a newly developed foam mouthwash containing a modified lactoperoxidase system in vitro.Materials and methodsBiofilms of five bacterial species were developed on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces whilst salivary-based biofilm was grown on tooth enamel. Each surface was exposed to the foam mouthwash or saline in vitro. Optical density and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine retention of the biofilm following 5 or 30 s exposure time.ResultsThe foam mouthwash was active against biofilms formed by S. aureus, K. rhizophila, M. thailandicus, E. coli, and C. violaceum and eliminated significant amount of biofilm from each surface; immature 4 h biofilm was less resistant than 24 h biofilm. A 30 s rinse showed best performance, with removal of up to 66% of biofilm from the hydrophilic surface. SEM imaging confirmed oral biofilm removal from the enamel surface after a 5 s rinse with the foam mouthwash.DiscussionFoam mouthwash demonstrated a significant impact on growing biofilm when compared against saline solution. Growing biofilms were more susceptible to the action of the foam mouthwash, which justifies after-meal use of the mouthwash when traditional dentifrices may not be accessible.ConclusionsFoam mouthwash can be a convenient on-the-go format of oral care products that can be used after meals or when needed to reduce the risk of biofilm-associated oral conditions.
Highlights
Mixed culture microbial biofilms comprise dental plaque that can be beneficial to the host, but biofilms are often associated with diseases.[4]
Most studies on dentifrices focus on bacteria commonly isolated from dental plaque, these studies do not take into consideration the different adhesion mechanisms of some bacterial species and the beneficial role of some microorganisms implicated in biofilm formation.[9,10]
Our data suggest that foam mouthwash was superior to saline in the removal of both growing and mature
Summary
Biofilms are complex microbial communities characterized by cells attached to the substrate surface, to interfaces or to each other and are embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix which they have produced.[1,2,3] Mixed culture microbial biofilms comprise dental plaque that can be beneficial to the host, but biofilms are often associated with diseases.[4] Tightly adherent mature biofilms are a primary cause of caries and their formation needs to be prevented.[5] Clinically biofilms form on native tissues such as oral mucosa and teeth and often cause chronic infection of dental implants.[6,7,8] The behavior of microbes in a biofilm can differ significantly from the behavior of the same organism studied in planktonic conditions.[3] Most studies on dentifrices focus on bacteria commonly isolated from dental plaque, these studies do not take into consideration the different adhesion mechanisms of some bacterial species and the beneficial role of some microorganisms implicated in biofilm formation.[9,10]
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