Abstract
Objective: Glucocorticoids induced osteoporosis and its related fragility fractures represent a costly humanand socioeconomic load worldwide. All the current pharmacological therapies possess multiple adverse effectsand high cost. Thus, the pesent study aimed to evaluate the bone healing ability of Moringa oleifera (MO) onglucocorticoids induced osteoporosis in the jawbone of Albino rats. Material and Methods: Osteoporosis wasprompted by a daily intraperitoneal injection of 200 micro g/ 100 g dexamethasone for 30 days. Next,the animalswere randomly divided into 2 groups; osteoporotic and MO treated group. The treated group receivd a dailyoral dose of 200mg/kg of MO. Rats from the MO group were sacrificed after 4 weeks from the beginning oftreatment, and the same sacrifice date was used for the osteoporotic group. Bone regeneration was evaluated bydual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), histopathological andhistomorphometric examination. Results: After the sacrifice, the DEXA analysis revealed a significant upregulationin the BMD in the MO treated group (p <0.001). The RT-PCR test showed a significant decline in RANKL geneexpression and a significant rise in OPG gene expression in the MO group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively).The histopathological examination of the MO group displayed a marked healing of the jawbone micro-anatomy.The histomorphometric analysis also showed that the bone area percentage increased significantly in the MOgroup (p <0.05). Conclusion: A cheap, easy to get, yet a powerful plant like MO leaves, can be cosidered aneffective treatment for osteoporosis.KEYWORDSBone regeneration; Glucocorticoids; Moringa oleifera; Osteoporosis.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is a widespread systemic skeletal disease with the key feature of disturbed bone microarchitecture, resulting in high risk of bony fractures
GCs led to the increased production of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-kB) ligand RANKL and the decreased production of osteoprotegerin (OPG) by osteoblastic cells and osteocytes, subsequently increasing the number and activity of osteoclasts, that is why they have direct effects on bone resorption [6]
A significant decline in RANKL gene expression in the Moringa oleifera (MO) treated group was found compared to the osteoporotic group (p < 0.001), while there was a significant upregulation in the OPG gene expression in the MO treated group compared to the osteoporotic group (p value = 0.002) (Table II)
Summary
Osteoporosis is a widespread systemic skeletal disease with the key feature of disturbed bone microarchitecture, resulting in high risk of bony fractures. It was stated that the osteoporotic skeletal mass deterioration can be accompanied with an elevated oral bone loss. This subsequent low jaw bone density leads to increased alveolar bone porosity and changed trabecular pattern leading to faster alveolar bone resorption. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the main iatrogenic cause for secondary osteoporosis, where the fracture risk increases by as much as 75% within the first 3 months of therapy [5]. GCs led to the increased production of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-kB) ligand RANKL and the decreased production of osteoprotegerin (OPG) by osteoblastic cells and osteocytes, subsequently increasing the number and activity of osteoclasts, that is why they have direct effects on bone resorption [6]
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