Abstract
Introduction: Roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis, which have pharmacologically active ingredients, have received great attention because they show good therapeutic effects for various inflammatory diseases without specific toxicity. This study investigated the anti-asthmatic effects of a butanol extract of Asparagus cochinchinensis roots that had been fermented with Weissella cibaria (BAW) and its possible underlying cholinergic regulation. Methods: Alterations of the anti-asthmatic markers and the molecular response factors were measured in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model after treatment with BAW. Results: Treatment with BAW decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activated RAW264.7 cells. The results of the animal experiments revealed lower infiltration of inflammatory cells and bronchial thickness, and a significant reduction in the number of macrophages and eosinophils, concentration of OVA-specific IgE, and expression of Th2 cytokines in the OVA + BAW treated group. In addition, a significant recovery of goblet cell hyperplasia, MMP-9 expression, and the VEGF signaling pathway was observed upon airway remodeling in the OVA + BAW treated group. Furthermore, these responses of BAW were linked to recovery of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) M3 downstream signaling pathway in epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and afferent sensory nerves of OVA + BAW-treated mice. Conclusion: Overall, these findings are the first to provide evidence that the therapeutic effects of BAW can prevent airway inflammation and remodeling through the recovery of cholinergic regulation in structural cells and inflammatory cells of the chronic asthma model.
Highlights
Roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis, which have pharmacologically active ingredients, have received great attention because they show good therapeutic effects for various inflammatory diseases without specific toxicity
Another study demonstrated that effective microorganism fermentation extract (EM-X) attenuated the airway hyper-reactivity and inflammatory response through suppression of leukocyte recruitment, as well as decreased Th2 cytokine levels and IgE concentrations in mice challenged with recruitment, as well as decreased Th2 cytokine levels and IgE concentrations in mice challenged with OVA [31]
This is because we investigated the effects related to lung histology in the current study, including the suppression of airway inflammation, as well as the inhibition of airway remodeling, such as excessive mucus production, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis
Summary
Roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis, which have pharmacologically active ingredients, have received great attention because they show good therapeutic effects for various inflammatory diseases without specific toxicity. Evaluating the anti-inflammatory activities of fermented products of A. cochinchinensis root in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW264.7 cells) revealed that the inflammatory responses were significantly suppressed in response to BAW treatment via regulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the iNOS-mediated COX-2 induction pathway [21]. These results provide the possibility that airway inflammation and remodeling in lung tissues are effectively inhibited by BAW in the OVA-induced asthma model, no studies have shown a direct role of these products in anti-asthmatic effects or revealed their mechanism of action
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
