Abstract
This chapter discusses the paradoxical relationship of the Alevi community with the Turkish state and covers the awakening among the Alevi community during the 1990s. The EU-supported democratization reforms led to the removal of some restrictions on Alevi political participation and an expansion of human rights and freedoms. The Alevi community became more vocal in the expression of their demands. However, the chapter shows many grievances still remaining. The limited progress is a result of a number of factors, including the mutual mistrust between the Alevi community and the Sunni Islamic AKP government, the entrenched dispute between the two sides as to whether Alevilik is a sect of Islam or a cultural community, as well as deeply rooted social prejudices.
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