Abstract
The Agricultural Environment has a severe effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites, it causes many deterioration phenomena to these sites, most of them are biodeterioration and the others are physio – chemical deterioration. Sarabium archaeological site located in Atfiyah's center – Egypt, it belonged to 26<sup>th</sup> dynasty, the site suffers from the agricultural environment's effect because it is very near from the fields in the area (100 meter approx. far only). The most effective factor of deterioration is the groundwater which affects badly on the deterioration of the building materials there, many microorganisms grow on lime stone carved coffins and ruins, they secret organic compounds which react with lime stone and turn it to soluble salts, the groundwater comes from the fields and contains many salts which dissolve in it and rise with the capillary system to the building materials not only this effect, but also the intensive growth of weeds in the site. This research aims to study the agricultural environment's effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites with an application on Atfiyah's Sarabium archaeological site – Giza -Egypt.
Highlights
Sarabium archaeological site located in Atfiyah's center – Giza governorate, Apis bull buried in many tombs which Called "Sarabium" like Saqqara Sarabium site but Atfiyah's Sarabium is for the burial of Hathur cow which was the main goddess of Atfiyah's center in this time, the site contains many tombs for Hathur cow from the 26th dynasty [1].It suffers from the existence of groundwater in the carved limestone's coffins because of the short distance between the site and the fields around it, it is lower than the surrounded area and the groundwater aggregates inside the coffins
A sample of limestone was analyzed by X- Ray Diffraction (XRD) to identify its components and examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to study the surface; the sample was analyzed by EDAX (Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy)
A sample of mud bricks was analyzed by X- Ray Diffraction (XRD) to identify its components and examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to study the surface; the sample was analyzed by EDAX (Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy)
Summary
Sarabium archaeological site located in Atfiyah's center – Giza governorate, Apis bull buried in many tombs which Called "Sarabium" like Saqqara Sarabium site but Atfiyah's Sarabium is for the burial of Hathur cow which was the main goddess of Atfiyah's center in this time, the site contains many tombs for Hathur cow from the 26th dynasty [1].It suffers from the existence of groundwater in the carved limestone's coffins because of the short distance between the site and the fields around it, it is lower than the surrounded area and the groundwater aggregates inside the coffins
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