The Adaptation of the Organizational Disidentification Scale into Turkish: A Study on Validity and Reliability

This study was conducted to develop a valid and reliable measurement instrument to assess the knowledge levels of health sciences students regarding breastfeeding and complementary feeding. Within this scope, the psychometric properties of the "Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Knowledge Scale" were also evaluated. The study was conducted with 2173 students enrolled in the Faculty of Health Sciences. Scale items were developed based on a literature review and expert opinions. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to test construct validity. The reliability of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. In addition, as part of criterion-related validity, correlation analyses were conducted with the Health Literacy Scale-Short Form (HLS-TR Short Form) and the Digital Healthy Diet Literacy Scale (e-HDL). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was determined as 0.621, and Bartlett's test was significant (p < 0.001). The total explained variance ratio was 27.73%. Factor loadings ranged from 0.325 to 0.847. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.768, and McDonald's omega coefficient as 0.772. The model fit indices from the Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated an acceptable model fit (χ²/df = 5.59; GFI = 0.937; AGFI = 0.926; RMSEA = 0.046; RMR = 0.01; CFI = 0.892; TLI = 0.884). Parallel analysis supported a two-factor solution, and the factor structure was stable across split subsamples. Very weak positive correlations were observed, indicating limited practical significance despite statistical significance. The "Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Knowledge Scale" is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to measure the knowledge levels of health sciences students regarding breastfeeding and complementary feeding. The scale is considered useful for evaluating the effectiveness of educational programs and for use in curriculum development processes.

Measuring tools are essential in assessing the quality of care. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Palliative Nursing Care Quality Scale (PNCQS-T) and the sociodemographic characteristics affecting the quality of care. This methodological study, whose linguistic equivalence was confirmed by the translation/back translation method, was carried out with the participation of 209 nurses. Personal Information Form and PNCQS-T were used as data collection tools. Construct validity was determined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was tested with internal consistency and item-total correlation coefficients. Adaptation results showed that the Turkish version of the scale is adequate for linguistic and content validation. The Turkish adaptation's original scale of 20 items was reduced to 18. As in the original scale, all items were combined under a single dimension in the Turkish adaptation. Modified CFA indicated a well-fitting model. PNCQS-T explained 42.1% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha value was 0.92. The lowest score obtained from the scale is 18; the highest score is 90. Higher scores indicated that the palliative care provided by nurses was of good quality. The Turkish version of the PNCQS-T is reliable for assessing the quality of palliative care provided by nurses in Turkey.

Background: Considering that temporomandibular disorder (TMD) can negatively affect individuals’ general health and quality of life by limiting orofacial functions, it is important to evaluate jaw-related functional limitations in TMD. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the 8-item Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-8-TR) in Turkish-speaking TMD patients. Methods: A total of 162 patients with TMD and 114 individuals without TMD participated in the study. Face and content validity were assessed. To confirm the construct validity of the JFLS-8-TR, structural (with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)), convergent (with pain severity and maximum mouth opening (MMO), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) and the Turkish version of the 20-item JFLS (JFLS-20-TR)) and known-group validity were analyzed. Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to examine internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: Both content and face validity were met. The acceptable model fit indices based on CFA confirmed the structural validity of the JFLS-8-TR. Robust associations between the JFLS-8-TR score and pain intensity (r = 0.92), MMO (r = −0.87) and scores on the FAI (r = 0.89), OHIP-14 (r = 0.86) and JFLS-20-TR (r = 0.96) supported the convergent validity (p < 0.05). The JFLS-8-TR was able to discriminate between individuals with and without TMD, indicating that it has known-group validity (p < 0.05). The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.93) of the JFLS-8-TR were excellent. Conclusions: The JFLS-8-TR is a valid, reliable and useful instrument for a more practical assessment of functional limitations in the masticatory system in Turkish-speaking TMD patients.

This study aimed to adapt the Emotional Communication Scale, which assesses emotional communication in healthcare professionals in Türkiye, into Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties. This study has a methodological design for the psychometric testing and validation of the Emotional Communication Scale. The mean age of participants was 31.31 years (SD = 9.94), with ages ranging from 19 to 60; of the 197 participants, 46 (23.4%) were males and 151 (76.6%) were females. In the first stage of the study, language equivalence was ensured. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with the IBM AMOS 24.0 package program for construct validity. According to the CFA results, the Turkish version of the scale has 14 items and 3-dimensional structure, as in the English version. The model fit indices of the scale were acceptable (χ2/df=1.92, CFI=0.94, TLI=0.92, IFI=0.94, GFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.07, and SRMR=0.03). The item-total correlation coefficients of the scale ranged between 0.510 and 0.643. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.885 for the whole scale, 0.838 for the communicative proactivity, 0.770 for the openness authenticity, and 0.680 for the listening. The Turkish version of the Emotional Communication Scale is a measurement tool with high content validity and internal consistency that can be used to assess the emotional communication attitudes of healthcare professionals. The scale can help healthcare professionals determine their attitudes toward emotional communication. Therefore, this tool will aid in developing training programs for communication, design, and evaluation of training processes aimed at helping professionals working in the healthcare field.

Given that athletes frequently encounter setbacks, injuries, and psychological pressures, the ability to sustain effort and interest over the long term is considered critical for success. However, despite the growing importance of grit in sports, research in Turkey has been limited by the absence of culturally adapted instruments. Developing a valid and reliable Turkish measure is therefore essential for advancing sport psychology research and providing practitioners with tools to better understand athlete resilience. This study aimed to adapt the Short Grit Scale into Turkish for use with athletes and to examine its psychometric properties. The concept of grit, defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, has become increasingly relevant in sports psychology, yet there has been a lack of valid and reliable instruments tailored for Turkish athletes. A total of 222 athletes (122 males, 100 females) representing diverse sports disciplines voluntarily participated in the study. The scale adaptation process included linguistic equivalence, item revision based on expert opinions, and evaluation through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The two-factor structure (Consistency of Interest and Perseverance of Effort) showed acceptable model fit indices (CFA: χ²/df = 1.69, CFI = 0.967, RMSEA = 0.056). Reliability analysis indicated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α: .71 and .76). Measurement invariance across gender was confirmed at configural, metric, and scalar levels. Test-retest reliability over a 20-day interval was r = .89 (p &amp;lt; .001), supporting the scale’s temporal stability. The Turkish version of the Short Sport Grit Scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing grit among athletes.

Background and purposeMental health disorders are a growing concern worldwide, with a significant impact on public health. Understanding attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help is essential in addressing these issues. In the Iranian context, there is a need for a reliable tool to measure these attitudes. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian Adaptation of the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-Short Form (ATSPPH-SF).Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2023, utilizing a convenience sampling method with 1050 participants aged 10 to 65 years in Iran.The ATSPPH-SF questionnaire, consisting of 10 items and 2 subscales, was employed. The questionnaire underwent translation and cultural adaptation, and its validity was assessed through qualitative face and content validities. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate construct validity. Reliability was assessed using McDonald’s omega coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data collection was conducted through an online survey.ResultsThe CFA results indicated a two-factor structure for the ATSPPH-SF, with one factor representing openness to seeking treatment for emotional problems and the other factor reflecting the value and need for seeking treatment. The model demonstrated acceptable fit indices. Both McDonald’s omega coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient suggested good internal consistency for the scale. The mean total score for the ATSPPH-SF was 21.37 (SD = 5.52), indicating the reliability and validity of the scale for the Iranian population.ConclusionThis study confirms the suitability of the short-form ATSPPH-SF with 10 items and 2 subscales as a valid and reliable tool for assessing attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help in the Iranian population. With no prior appropriate instrument available, this scale fills a crucial gap. It can be employed to measure attitudes among various demographic groups, aiding in the design of targeted interventions to enhance mental health literacy and reduce the stigma associated with seeking professional psychological help in Iran.

Parents of children with disabilities often experience significant psychosocial challenges during the process of accepting and adapting to their child’s condition. To better understand and support this life transition, valid and reliable instruments are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Life Transition Scale for parents of disabled children within the Turkish context. This methodological study was conducted with 154 parents of children with physical or intellectual disabilities attending two special education and rehabilitation centers in eastern of Türkiye. The scale was adapted through translation, back-translation, expert review, and pilot testing. Content validity was assessed using the Davis technique. Explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to assess construct validity. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Additional analyses included item-total correlations, independent t-tests, and ANOVA for group comparisons. Explanatory factor analysis revealed four factors—Wandering, Denying, Accepting, and Despairing—explaining 65.5% of the total variance. Factor loadings ranged from 0.619 to 0.830. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the model with acceptable fit indices. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.925 for Wandering, 0.889 for Denying, 0.858 for Accepting, 0.843 for Despairing, and 0.935 for the overall scale. Item-total correlations ranged from 0.369 to 0.728, all statistically significant (p < 0.001). The Turkish version of the Life Transition Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the life transition experiences of parents of children with disabilities. This scale can inform evidence-based family-centered interventions and policy development to support parental adaptation and well-being.

BackgroundEducational leadership plays a crucial role in the development of nursing students, significantly enhancing their clinical skills and preparing them to lead advancements in healthcare. This comprehensive educational approach ensures that nursing students are well-equipped to address contemporary healthcare challenges effectively.AimThis study aimed to translate the Educational Leadership Scale for Nursing Students into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian nursing students.MethodsThis cross-sectional methodological study was conducted in two phases: translation and cultural adaptation, followed by psychometric evaluation. After obtaining permission from the original scale developer, the scale was translated into Persian using the Pilot and Yang model. Face and content validity were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A convenience sample of 469 nursing students from nursing faculties in Kermanshah Province, Iran, completed the questionnaire. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. Test–retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in a subsample of 47 nursing students.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the three-factor structure of the Persian version of the instrument, with 19 items accounting for 63.80% of the total variance. The model fit was excellent, as shown by the CFI, GFI, TLI, RMSEA, and SRMR values. The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency reliability, with Cronbach's alpha at 0.924 and McDonald's omega at 0.923. The ICC for the total score was 0.924 (95% CI: 0.910–0.936).ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate that the Persian version of the Educational Leadership Scale for Nursing Students possesses acceptable psychometric properties. The results of face, content, and construct validity, along with reliability indices (including internal consistency and test–retest reliability), indicate that this instrument is an effective tool for evaluating educational leadership characteristics among Iranian nursing students. However, to further confirm the validity and reliability of this scale, future studies with larger and more diverse samples of nursing students, including those in clinical settings, are recommended. Furthermore, examining the criterion validity and discriminant validity of this instrument could contribute to a better understanding of its psychometric characteristics.

Aim: This study aimed to adapt the Transactional Style Inventory for Managers (TSI-M) into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties among nurse managers.Background: Effective communication is a core competency for nurse managers, influencing both staff satisfaction and the quality of healthcare delivery. Since communication behaviors are shaped by ego states, reflecting internalized thoughts, feelings, and experiences, a valid and reliable tool is essential to assess these states in managerial contexts.Methods: The TSI-M was translated into Turkish using a standardized back-translation procedure and reviewed by a panel of experts. The sample consisted of 230 nurse managers (77% female) working in various healthcare institutions. Validity and reliability were assessed using item analysis, the content validity index (CVI), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).Results: CFA supported the construct validity of the scale, yielding acceptable model fit indices (χ2/df = 3.11; GFI = 0.90; AGFI = 0.90; CFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.06; RMR = 0.06). Internal consistency was high for the total scale (Cronbach's α = 0.93) and good to be acceptable across subscales: parent (α = 0.895), adult (α = 0.812), and child (α = 0.836). While the parent and child ego state subscales demonstrated strong convergent and discriminant validity, the adult ego subscale showed slightly below-threshold composite reliability (CR = 0.692) and weaker discriminant validity.Conclusions: The Turkish version of the TSI-M is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing ego states in nurse managers and holds practical value for leadership development and communication training in healthcare management.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of Self Theory Scale in Turkish society. For this purpose was analyzed in Turkish candidate teacher the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of the Self-Theory Scale. Methods: English form of the scale was applied to 30 candidate teacher studying in grade 4th English Teaching from Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Education. The same group was given the Turkish version of the scale three week later. High level of correlation was observed between the scores obtained from the English and Turkish form. The scale was applied to the study group (426 students) by the researchers in accord with the principles of volunteering. The psychometric properties of scale were investigated by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion related validity, and half split methods. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, The Beck Depression Inventory and The Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory were used for criterion related validity. Results: According to the exploratory factor analysis, it was revealed that the Turkish form of the scale had nine subscales with the 36 items, and the total amount of variance explained by all of the nine factors was 55.98%. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, 36 items and nine subscales were concluded to be suitable for the Turkish sample. The lowest Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.52 for a subscale of the scale and all of the 36 items was 0.84. It was found half split reliability as 0.79. It was determined that the item total correlation coefficients of the subscales varied between 0.30 and 0.78. The findings showed that there was moderately positive correlations between the Self Theory Scale (and subscales) and Positive Affect and Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory scores and negative correlations between Self Theory Scale and Negative Affect and Beck Depression Inventory scores. In addition, university students usually said that they have a positive self-theory. Women's Self Theory Scale total scores and academic achievement, personality and family relations subscales scores are higher than the male. Conclusion: Based on the analysis results, it was decided that the scale can measure positive and negative perceptions of themselves of Turkish university students across a variety of life domains

Validation of the Thai translation of the attitudes toward euthanasia scale

The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale is a questionnaire evaluating the symptom severity of dysfunctional anxiety associated with the coronavirus. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale in a sample of school teachers. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to investigate the factor structure of the scale. The questionnaire's internal consistency was examined by means of Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. Concurrent validity with a measure of self-perceived health status was explored. Measurement invariance across the sexes was assessed using a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. A total of 1341 responses of a sample of school teachers that anonymously completed an online questionnaire were analysed. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the one-factor structure of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and supported the adequacy of the Italian version of the scale. The scale showed good internal consistency and reliability, and low concurrent validity. Female teachers reported higher levels of anxiety associated with COVID-19. The multigroup confirmatory factor analysis supported the measurement invariance across sex groups. The results confirmed that the Italian version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale has good psychometric properties and is a reliable measure to assess anxiety associated with COVID-19.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to adapt the Special Interest Group in Amputee Medicine (SIGAM) mobility scale to Turkish, and to test its validity and reliability in lower extremity amputees.Material and methods: Adaptation of the scale into Turkish was performed by following the steps in American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) guideline. Turkish version of the scale was tested twice on 109 patients who had lower extremity amputations, at hours 0 and 72. The reliability of the Turkish version was tested for internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Structural validity was tested using the “scale validity” method. For this purpose, the scores of the Short Form-36 (SF-36), Functional Ambulation Scale (FAS), Get Up and Go Test, and Satisfaction with the Prosthesis Questionnaire (SATPRO) were calculated, and analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test.Results: Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.67 for the Turkish version of the SIGAM mobility scale. Cohen's kappa coefficients were between 0.224 and 0.999. Repeatability according to the results of the SIGAM mobility scale (grades A–F) was 0.822. We found significant and strong positive correlations of the SIGAM mobility scale results with the FAS, Get Up and Go Test, SATPRO, and all of the SF-36 subscales.Conclusion: In our study, the Turkish version of the SIGAM mobility scale was found as a reliable, valid, and easy to use scale in everyday practice for measuring mobility in lower extremity amputees.Implications for RehabilitationAmputation is the surgical removal of a severely injured and nonfunctional extremity, at a level of one or more bones proximal to the body.Loss of a lower extremity is one of the most important conditions that cause functional disability.The Special Interest Group in Amputee Medicine (SIGAM) mobility scale contains 21 questions that evaluate the mobility of lower extremity amputees.Lack of a specific Turkish scale that evaluates rehabilitation results and mobility of lower extremity amputees, and determines their needs, directed us to perform a study on this topic when we took the number of amputations performed in our country into consideration.SIGAM mobility scale is directed at rehabilitation specialists who are working in amputee medicine. Turkish version of this scale was found both reliable and valid in our study and hence it can be used in clinical practice and studies.

IntroductionCurrent suicidology literature emphasizes the need for suicide prevention and awareness training that include specific approaches tailored for specific professional groups. However, it is necessary that the scales used in the assessment of trainings contain the needs of the evaluated groups on risk management. Cancer patients are one of the groups with a high risk of suicide. Studies show oncology nurses have difficulties in recognising and managing the risk of suicide in oncology patients(Granek et al. Psycho-Oncology 2018; 27(1) 148–154, Öztürk and Hiçdurmaz. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2022; 1-15). Also, these studies underline the need to create training programmes peculiar to oncology that increase oncology nurses’ awareness, knowledge, skills and efficacy in recognising and managing suicide risk. However, no study in the current literature presents scale that can assess the effect of these trainings on efficacy of oncology nurses or other professional who work oncology in the management of suicide risk. Valid and reliable scale is required to assess oncology nurses’ efficacy in suicide risk management.ObjectivesThis study aim to to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Suicide Risk Management Efficacy Scale (SRMES)MethodsThe study was conducted in two stages: (1) the creation of conceptual frameworks and scale items (2) assessing the scale psychometric properties. At the end of the feedback from 10 experts (Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Nurses), the scale content validity was completed and the scale was applied oncology nurses sample. Data were collected using a Descriptive Characteristic Form and the 26-item SRMES. Data were obtained from 234 oncology nurses. Exploratory, confirmatory factor analyses and reliability analyses were performed.ResultsExploratory factor analyses extracted a unifactorial solution. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the unifactorial model presented highly satisfied and acceptable fit indexes (CMIN/df=1,927; CFI=.94; GFI=.844; IFI=0,941; TLI=.928; RMSEA=.063: NFI=0,884; RFI=0,86). According to the results of the principal component analysis, factor loads in the unifactorial structure are between 0.534 and 0.843. Cronbach’s alpha value of the scale was 0,96, the inter-class reliability coefficient is 0.928.ConclusionsThe result of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis results were satisfactory. The SRMES is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to assess oncology nurses’ efficacy perception on suicide risk management. The SRMES can also be used to evaluate the efficacy perceptions of other health professionals on suicide risk management who perform psycho-social assessments similar to nurses in oncology.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Background: Considering the increasing consumption of soft drinks and their adverse health effects, identifying addiction to these drinks in the population is significant. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Soft Drink Addiction Scale. Methods: For this purpose, we included 669 participants and distributed them homogeneously for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. To assess the psychometric properties of the scale, we used the Soft Drink Addiction Scale, the Beverage Intake Questionnaire-15, and a questionnaire that included questions assessing self-efficacy regarding soft drinks and attitudes toward alternatives. Results: The mean age of 669 participants was 34.05 ± 9.26 years. A total of 93.72% were female and 6.28% were male. The scale’s Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.942. An exploratory factor analysis revealed the following three-factor structure: withdrawal syndrome symptoms, persistent desire, and decrease in social and recreational activities, which explained 29.1%, 16%, and 16.9% of the total variance, respectively. A confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed this construct. Moreover, soft drink addiction was associated with self-efficacy and total calories from beverages questioned in the beverage consumption questionnaire. Conclusions: In conclusion, the Turkish version of the Soft Drink Addiction Scale is a reliable and valid tool.