The acceptance of carbon dioxide (CO2) for the organic cultivation of microalgae in the European Union

Bioengineering textiles across scales for a sustainable circular economy

Food labelling beyond EU borders

Developing countries are becoming the factory of the world where sustainable production is still far from developed countries. However, the acceleration of the 4.0 revolution with a close connection with the Internet of Things (IoT) achievements has forced developing countries to integrate with the trend of a circular and sustainable economy. In this paper, the emerging digital technologies of Industry 4.0 which concentration on the contribution of IoT, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Big Data in remanufacturing are reviewed. Based on IoT, remanufacturing, circular economy, and smart manufacturing, this paper has made the assessment and discussed the challenges and barriers of the 4th industrial revolution to remanufacturing, as well as the amazing opportunities that IoT technologies can contribute to the growth of the remanufacturing industry in developing countries. A value-creation perspective consists of the product which is remanufactured, the equipment and processes of remanufacturing which are adopted and associated with troubles of organization, are used to identify trends and gaps. Suggestions from findings show that it is necessary to detect the combination between cyber-physical systems and the IoT architecture to assistant smart remanufacture, parallel with developing data and infrastructures of communication and circular economy management models. It is clear that, in order to successfully develop the remanufacturing industry, emerging economies need to fully utilize the achievements of IoT technology through economic development strategies and policies in line with Industry 4.0 to create breakthroughs in sustainable circular economy development.

Circular Urban Metabolism Framework

The future of environmental sustainability labelling on food products

<p id="p00005">As a tool to convey food-related information to consumers, food labels can effectively solve the problem of information asymmetry in food consumption. With the popularization of food labels in practice, more and more scholars have begun to pay attention to the impact of different food labels on consumer behavior. However, most of the existing studies focus on a single food label type and its effects, lacking of comparison and discussion on the effects of different food labels and their inherent mechanisms and boundary conditions. Based on this, this paper reviews the research on food labels in the field of marketing, which focuses on how different types of food labels affect individuals' cognition, emotion and behavior. Meanwhile, this paper introduces the regulatory orientation theory to explain the different effects of different food labels, and on this basis, a more integrated food label effect framework is constructed in this paper. <p id="p00005">Through combing the existing literature, the existing research on food labeling has roughly underwent three stages. The first stage began in the early 1980s. The demand for the nutritional value of food led to the attention and research on the nutrition label. The second stage started around 2000. Scholars mainly focus on labels that can convey information about food safety and quality. In the third stage, in the last decade, eco-environmental labels attracted more attention from consumers and scholars. Based on the different levels of information coverage, food labels can be divided into two types: product-level labels and ingredient-level labels. The product-level label refers to the label which is used to explain the overall characteristics and quality information of the food (including date label, health warning label, organic label, natural label, brand information, genetically modified organism label, eco label, and fair trade label). However, the ingredient-level label refers to the label that is used to display the specific nutritional information of the food (including nutrition facts panel, GDA label, low-fat label, health claim, traffic light label, health star rating, calorie menu label, shelf label). <p id="p00005">Further analysis and comparison showed that different types of food labels differ in influencing results, mechanism of action, and boundaries. Specifically, the product-level labels can arouse consumers' perceptions of safety, risk, and morality, and can effectively increase consumers' trust in products. At the same time, after purchasing products with such labels, consumers will show more food waste and repeated purchases. Ingredient-level labels, on the other hand, mainly affects consumers' perceptions of product health, as well as subsequent food choices and food intake. The theory of regulatory orientation helps to explain the different effects of the two types of food labels. The product-level labels more often initiate consumer preventive orientation, while the ingredient-level labels activate consumer promotion orientation. In addition, the two types of food labeling effects are driven by the halo effect, information processing, conceptual metaphor, social identity, attribute inference and other mechanisms. Besides, these effects are moderated by social demographic factors, individual differences, and product characteristics. <p id="p00005">On the one hand, combing and commenting on the effects of different food labels can provide reference for food manufacturers to carry out food marketing practices. On the other hand, through the construction of food label research framework in the field of marketing, it can point out the context and direction for marketing scholars to carry out empirical research on food label. Based on the overall framework of food labeling effects constructed in this paper, we propose that further research on the topic of food label can be carried out from following aspects in the future: (1) Expanding the behavioral results of ingredient-level labels; (2) Expanding the behavioral results of product-level labels; (3) Exploring the impact of different food label presentation forms on consumers; (4) Expanding the outer packaging labels and related research; and (5) Exploring the reversal mechanism of the negative effects of food labels.

Smartly Packaged

Chapter 3 - Cleaner and sustainable circular economy approaches for bio-based product recovery from industrial effluents in a biorefinery

The circular economy (CE) is about a system-level change towards sustainability, and it aims at keeping products, components, and materials at their highest utility and value at all times, covering both technical and biological cycles. This study aimed at exploring, discovering, describing, and synthesizing the characteristics of CE development in the construction sector in Japan based on the perspectives of sectoral organizations and focusing on the following themes: (1) sustainable production; (2) sustainable consumption; (3) creation and maintenance of value in a CE; (4) CE innovations; (5) CE of material and energy use; (6) technological, economic, and social barriers to CE; (7) CE guidance; and (8) specific CE aspects in the construction sector. This study applied a qualitative research approach, including a questionnaire survey as the specific method. This study addressed a gap in the research and helps to improve understanding of the CE development priorities based on the perspectives of organizations operating in or related to the construction sector in Japan. The findings indicate that the priority CE development focus areas in the construction sector in Japan encompass, for example, the use of sustainable and renewable raw materials; consumer awareness; and the design, use, and manufacturing of sustainable, recyclable, reusable, and repairable products, components, and materials. The barriers to CE that need to be overcome encompass, for example, the lack of general knowledge about circular economy opportunities and of seeing the “big picture” as well as issues related to economic benefits and the development of CE and sustainability-oriented products, components, and materials. Particularly important CE aspects in the construction sector include the maintenance of existing buildings; sustainability and the long-life cycles of products, components, and materials; CE-oriented product design; and sustainability criteria and cooperation between parties covering the whole life cycle of construction.

Jamu is an Indonesian herbal medicinal product, as part of the traditional natural health care of Indonesia’s national cultural heritage. Jamu raw material consists of a single preparation or combination of several types of nutritious medicinal plants, collected from nature and cultivated by farmers. Nowadays, medicinal crops farmers rarely apply organic cultivation on their land. Along with the increase in public awareness and the global demand of efficacious but safe herbal products, the organic cultivation of medicinal plants is a necessity. In organic farming, crop cultivation relies on the use of organic (natural) ingredients and avoids the use of synthetic chemical inputs (pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers), and genetically modified organism seeds. The integrity of the material produced is guaranteed by third parties through the issuance of organic certificates after going through a series of audit processes on documents and production processes in the field and storage area known as organic certification. Certification of organic plant cultivation in Indonesia has been regulated in SNI 6729: 2016 concerning the Organic Farming System. Many researchs found that medicinal plants cultivated organically could improve efficacious compounds. Research to compile GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) for medicinal plants cultivated organically in Indonesia needs to be encouraged to support the sustainable supply and efficacious of Jamu raw materials.

Identification of opportunities for integrating chemical processes for carbon (dioxide) utilization to nuclear power plants

Objectives: To investigate the main legal challenges involved in obtaining organic food certification, considering the increasing environmental awareness and demand for sustainable agricultural practices. Theoretical Framework: An exploration of the existing literature on organic certification, sustainable agricultural practices, and technological innovation, addressing how certification can act as a catalyst for change in agribusiness. Method: The research employed a qualitative analysis, with an emphasis on bibliographic research of an exploratory and explanatory nature, to explore the relationship between organic certification, innovation and sustainable development in agribusiness. Results and Discussion: It was concluded that maintaining a balance between ethics and innovation is essential for ensuring a sustainable future in agribusiness. Organic certification meets the demand for sustainable products and has the potential to contribute to positive transformation within the agricultural sector. Rigorous standards for certification, legal barriers, and associated costs were identified as significant challenges. Implications of the Research: The findings suggest that organic certification not only promotes sustainability but can also influence innovative and responsible agricultural practices, integrating ethics and profitability. Originality/Value: This study offers an original contribution by highlighting the intersection between organic certification and innovation in agribusiness, emphasizing the importance of ethical and legal aspects in sustainable agricultural practices.

Pakis Village, Panti District, Jember Regency, has abundant durian agricultural potential, but its utilization is still limited to fresh fruit sales and direct consumption. This condition creates a problem of durian waste that has not been optimally managed, so that circular economy-based innovation is needed. This study aims to develop a socio-agropreneur education model through the Village Student Program to improve community skills in processing durian fruit and waste into ecological products with market value. The study was conducted offline in Pakis Village, involving 25 PKK members as strategic partners. Data were collected through participatory observation, interviews, and documentation of the training process. The results of the activity showed that the community was able to produce several ecological products, including briquettes from durian skin, milk from durian flesh, and ladrang and basreng from durian seeds. This activity has proven effective in increasing creativity, independence, and economic opportunities for the community. Socio-agropreneur education has the potential to be a sustainable strategy in developing a circular economy based on local potential.

In the next few years, the EU economy must go through a big change that will lead to a greener and more sustainable Europe. The goal is to use natural resources less, which will help protect biodiversity and cut down on waste, both of which are important parts of being sustainable. The EU Commission has been publishing reports, decisions and plans for the transition to a circular economy since 2015, with the primary aim of helping European countries to make the transition and accelerate progress. In 2020 the European Commission adopted a new Circular Economy Action Plan, and measuring the transition to a circular economy is part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under SDG 12, Sustainable Production and Consumption. All EU Member States now aim to monitor their progress towards the SDG targets. After 2017, the problem of measuring the circular economy has also seen a surge in the literature, with an increasing number of experts exploring the issue. The circular economy concept covers many sectors, so it is clear that it cannot be captured by a single indicator. However, each country measures this using different national indicators, depending on the country's weaknesses and what it considers important to measure. Today, the issue of the transition to a circular economy (CE) in the EU has gained momentum. In recent years, the shift towards a circular economy has become increasingly visible in EU Member States. In their statistical records, they try to provide indicators to show the extent of this change. In other words, EU countries are increasingly focusing on measuring their progress at a macro level. At the same time, Member States are using different approaches to measuring sustainable consumption and production, and thus different indicators to measure the circular economy, and the shift towards the circular economy has become more pronounced in both less developed and developed EU Member States. The difference between Member States in this respect lies in their different levels of development and the fact that they have their own strategies and indicators. All the indicators under SDG 12 on achieving sustainable consumption and production measure the achievement of this objective. The difference between countries is that the indicators against which the SDGs are measured are not uniform. The indicators and their corresponding values can be found in the statistical systems of the Member States. The following study brings together the relevant information and aims to provide a general picture of the similarities and differences in this area, and to divide the EU countries into two distinct clusters using the indicators of the circular economy.

Objective: Understand sustainable production and consumption from human needs. Its objectives are: to describe sustainable production from human needs, to explain the relationship between human needs and sustainable consumption Theoretical Framework: Main concepts and theories that support research from human needs and sustainable production and consumption are presented, finding strong relationships with ecological limits and circular economy, providing a solid basis to understand the context of the research. Method: Qualitative, documentary analysis technique and systematic analysis tool of the content of scientific documents according to prism declaration, grouping publications and compiling the most prominent concepts. Results and Discussion: For sustainable production based on human needs: socioeconomic, political and environmental factors, circular economy, sustainable production models and ecological limits; results for the relationship between human needs and sustainable consumption: motivators, patterns and determinants in purchasing behavior, promotion of responsible lifestyles and education for sustainable consumption. Research Implications: Sustainable production and consumption contribute to satisfying the needs of communities from the context and that the consumer and producer must recognize the limits of the planet and satisfiers which allow having a responsible lifestyle and that promote well-being. Originality/Value: Understand that although the need to be satisfied must be clear, it is essential to recognize its satisfaction from the environmental, social, and economic dimension. Its relevance lies in the relationship of elements found in the collected publications to visualize sustainable production and consumption as a strategy aimed at promoting sustainable lifestyles from the consumer's awareness, considering biophysical limits, social justice, and economic sustainability