Abstract
This paper sought to conduct a meta-analysis of the effectiveness and durability of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) and assess the acceptability of CAT in terms of dropout rates. Systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018086009. Searches identified CAT treatment outcome studies eligible to be narratively synthesized. Pre-post/post-follow-up effect sizes (ESs) were extracted and synthesized in a random-effects meta-analysis. Variations in effect sizes were explored using moderator analyses. Dropout rates were extracted. Secondary analyses synthesized between-group ES from trials of CAT. Twenty-five studies providing pre-post CAT treatment outcomes were aggregated across three outcome comparisons of functioning, depression, and interpersonal problems. CAT produced large pre-post improvements in global functioning (ES=0.86; 95% CI 0.71-1.01, N=628), moderate-to-large improvements in interpersonal problems (ES=0.74, 95% CI 0.51-0.97, N=460), and large reductions in depression symptoms (ES=1.05, 95% CI 0.80-1.29, N=586). All these effects were maintained or improved upon at follow-up. Limited moderators of CAT treatment effect were identified. CAT demonstrated small-moderate, significant post-treatment benefits compared to comparators in nine clinical trials (ES=0.36-0.53; N=352). The average dropout rate for CAT was 16% (range 0-33%). Patients with a range of presenting problems appear to experience durable improvements in their difficulties after undergoing CAT. Recommendations are provided to guide the further progression of the CAT outcome evidence base. Large pre-post reductions in global functioning and depression outcomes and moderate-large reductions in interpersonal problems are evident after CAT. The effects of CAT appear durable, and interpersonal functioning significantly improves over follow-up time. CAT produces small-moderate benefits compared to trial comparators. CAT appears to be an engaging psychotherapy that maintains patients in treatment.
Highlights
Study selection The search strategy produced a combined total of 28 cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) outcome articles (Figure 1)
The current study provides a basic commentary on dropout rates as a proxy for treatment acceptability, the evidence base would benefit from a meta-analysis of dropout from routine service delivery and clinical trials of CAT
The findings add to a growing body of evidence suggesting relationally informed therapies can be beneficial in reducing psychological distress and interpersonal difficulties (Fonagy, 2015; Jakobsen, Hansen, Simonsen, & Gluud, 2011)
Summary
This paper sought to conduct a meta-analysis of the effectiveness and durability of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) and assess the acceptability of CAT in terms of dropout rates. Twenty-five studies providing pre–post CAT treatment outcomes were aggregated across three outcome comparisons of functioning, depression, and interpersonal problems. CAT produced large pre–post improvements in global functioning (ES = 0.86; 95% CI 0.71–1.01, N = 628), moderate-to-large improvements in interpersonal problems (ES = 0.74, 95% CI 0.51–0.97, N = 460), and large reductions in depression symptoms (ES = 1.05, 95% CI 0.80–1.29, N = 586). All these effects were maintained or improved upon at follow-up. Recommendations are provided to guide the further progression of the CAT outcome evidence base
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