The 1923 Egyptian Mahmal Incident: A Historical Analysis of Al-Qibla's Political Coverage

The Hizbullah Phenomenon: Politics and Communication

The Hizbullah Phenomenon: Politics and Communication

Mass media have functioned well in transmitting much of the basic information about the AIDS epidemic; however, media coverage of AIDS has been flawed. In many ways these flaws have resulted from the limitations and conventions of traditional journalism, especially the need to appeal to a large mainstream audience and a reliance on authorities as sources and validators of information. News stories typically rely on a single articulate authority, and articles that involve conspiracy or controversy or have a high entertainment value are favored. Although coverage of politics and social issues is not distorted by these journalistic conventions, coverage of science suffers. Analysis of news coverage of AIDS shows that mass media often respond to sensationalism rather than to important scientific developments. In addition, scientific disagreements are better adjudicated by evidence than by appeals to authority. As a result, media coverage often obscures the process of scientific deliberation. Public health officials need to consider setting up a special channel of communications to clarify information about AIDS.

Personalization (Election Campaign Coverage)

二○○一年九月十一日發生了撼動世界的「九一一事件」，經由電視媒體不斷轉播紐約雙子星大樓遭飛機撞擊而倒塌的畫面，全世界共同目睹這起空前的事件。事發之後，美國政府隨即高舉「反恐」大旗，先後對阿富汗及伊拉克發動戰爭。面對此一連串事件，西方戲劇界在主流媒體報導之外，也對九一一事件及其餘波有所回應，透過演出或劇本創作處理其所引發的國際政治、創傷記憶、恐怖主義、全球化乃至媒體對事件的再現及其詮釋等議題，蔚然成風，儼然有自成一家之勢。 戲劇作為一門虛構的藝術，在處理現實事件上，如何拉開歷史距離並兼顧紀實與批判，是劇作家在創作時必須面對的課題。海爾的《Stuff Happens》與維納韋爾的《九一一》皆以九一一事件為創作素材，將之置於歷史與政治的脈絡當中，分別從英國與法國的觀察出發，展現了不同的視角，在再現與再創之間，討論九一一事件及其餘波，各自以戲劇手法提出了對九一一事件的詮釋。海爾和維納韋爾並未採用借古喻今的手法反映當前的現實，而是直接讓「此時此地」成為戲劇場景。然而，如何在劇本中讓虛構與現實相交，卻又能保有歷史距離，同時填補新聞報導所遺留的空缺？二者在劇作中又透露了那些批判？ 此二劇就形式和內容而言，反映出戲劇如何再現九一一事件的美學問題，面對當前的政治、權力、倫理等議題，戲劇又扮演了何種角色？本文以這兩個劇本為研究對象，進行文本分析，並藉由九一一事件的史料、戲劇論述以及演出劇評等文獻，探討九一一事件與戲劇的關係，兼論以時事入戲的問題。

ObjectivesIn 2012, Australia was the first country in the world to introduce plain or standardised tobacco packaging, coupled with larger graphic health warnings. This policy was fiercely opposed by industry....

This article illustrates how the crisis of the news media is impacting political coverage in Iceland. Perceptions of routine political coverage in the Icelandic media have not been studied before, and this article fills this research gap and situates the Icelandic case within the wider news media crisis literature. My exploration is guided by two research questions. The first focuses on how journalists and politicians in Iceland perceive political coverage in the Icelandic media and how the coverage is seen to affect their working practices. The second question concerns how the public in Iceland perceives political news content. Findings show that, according to journalists and politicians, the mix of mainly commercial funding models and the smallness of the media market results in even more superficial and problematic coverage than in larger states. Survey answers illustrate that the public mostly agrees with interviewee perceptions concerning how the Icelandic media covers politics.

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PurposeShare pledge is a popular way to raise funds in China, but it aggravates information asymmetry. As an indispensable information intermediary in the financial market, media coverage affects asset price and pricing efficiency and impacts information asymmetry. This study aims to explore the governance role of media coverage as an information intermediary in the share pledge context in China.Design/methodology/approachModerating effect and mediating effect analyses are the primary methods used to test the governance role of media coverage. The ordinary least squares model was used to test the relationship between share pledge and market performance and then proved the moderating effect of media coverage toward the corporate market value of pledge firms. Accounting earnings value relevance models were explored to test the path of media coverage on firm market value by mediating effect analysis. At last, subgroup tests were used to verify the heterogeneity of the moderating effect of media coverage.FindingsIn the context of share pledge in China, the higher the share pledge ratio, the higher is the market value of listed firms, which verifies the motivation of controlling shareholders to avoid the transfer of control right and the motivation to tunneling. Media coverage has a significant negative moderating effect on the relationship between share pledge rate and corporate value and has a significant impact on the accounting earnings value relevance of share pledge firms. From the perspective of long-term earnings, media coverage reduces the market performance of share pledge firms by reducing the value correlation of accounting earnings information. From the short-term price point of view, media coverage reduces the market performance of share pledge firms by improving the value correlation of accounting earnings information. Furthermore, media coverage has a more significant moderating effect in state-owned share pledge firms and low information transparency and low information disclosure quality firms.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper does not distinguish the mode difference of spreading news and the impact of non-pledge media coverage. Also, this paper does not consider factors other than accounting information value relevance when exploring how media coverage affects the corporate market value. Share pledge firms should use media for publicity and play a role in media governance and should actively improve their information disclosure quality, strengthen communication with investors and reduce information asymmetry fundamentally.Practical implicationsThis paper diversify the governance choices for share pledge firms and has important implications for firms, investors, information intermediaries and regulators. Media reports play an increasingly important role today, and any reports and predictions of major events may profoundly affect investors’ decisions. Although media reports can make up for the weakness of accounting information disclosure of equity pledge companies in some sense, it is still not a long-term strategy. Equity pledge companies should not only make use of media for publicity and play a role of media governance but also actively improve their information disclosure quality.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on share pledge firms to carry out in-depth research. Based on exploring the influence mechanism of share pledges, the authors find the importance of media governance. This paper expands the literature about the economic consequences of share pledges and provides empirical data for media governance of share pledge firms. This paper innovatively proves the governance role of media coverage from the view of accounting information value relevance. The main innovation point is the long and short-term perspective analysis of the influence of media coverage on the correlation of accounting earnings value. The heterogeneity effect analysis of media coverage also reflects the depth and strong practical guiding significance of this study.

There is a need to emphasize the magnitude of the tragedies caused by the war on terror by drawing viewers’ attention toward terrorist groups’ terrible activities on social media sites for awareness and understanding. The present study aims to assess the perceptions of youth towards the coverage of international terrorism through social media. The random sampling technique was used to recruit 1020 participants from 22 Arab states. The study revealed that social media sites broadcast international terrorism news that has an impact on the Arab region where Islam is represented as the prime mover behind those acts of terror. The majority believed that the coverage of the Arab media, in comparison with the international media, was much more impartial. No statistical difference was observed between gender and dependency on the news on Facebook and X (formerly Twitter). The findings also showed that raising awareness of Arab youth is needed to develop their media literacy and their independent analysis of biased coverage of social media in order to prevent radicalization.

Theatre and the Vanguards of the Arab Spring Hala Nassar (bio) The Avant-Garde: Race, Religion, War. By Mike Sell. Chicago: University of Chicago Press / Seagull Books, 2011; pp. 356. Doomed by Hope: Essays on Arab Theatre. Edited by Eyad Houssami. London: Pluto Press, 2012; pp. 224. Hamlet’s Arab Journey: Shakespeare’s Prince and Nasser’s Ghost. By Margaret Litvin. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011; pp. 296. The Theatres of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia: Performance Traditions of the Maghreb. By Khalid Amine and Marvin Carlson. Studies in International Performance series. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012; pp. 272. On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, age 26, set himself on fire as an act of protest against the confiscation of his fruit-and-vegetable wagon, and against the harassment and humiliation inflicted by the municipal officials of the town of Sidi Bouzid. His burnt body set the spark for the Tunisian Jasmine Revolution the next day, leading longtime president Zin Abidine Ben Ali to leave the country in January 2011. The revolutionary sparks found the right kindling in neighboring Egypt and Libya, and even all the way to Yemen, Bahrain, Jordan, and Syria.1 In the West, media outlets were surprised by the domino effect [End Page 291] of mass street protests, public square sit-ins, and the toppling of Arab leaders. The Arab world, which has been fermenting for decades under inhumane living conditions, restricted freedoms, censorship, high unemployment, and dim future prospects, eventually went to the streets to voice outrage against despots—corrupt and autocratic regimes supported by the West. Since then, 24/7 media coverage and a large body of scholarship have started to discuss the role of social media in mobilizing the people: in Egypt, what some call the “coup” and others an “extension of the January 25th revolution,” followed by the new constitution under General Sisi’s military rule; in Syria, the impasse between the Assad government and rebel fighters; in Iran, the debate over nuclear facilities; and across the Arab world, the impact of events on their US relations. Meanwhile, media outlets and experts have been scrambling to make sense of why the Arab world is suddenly in revolt. The ongoing protests we are still witnessing in the Arab world have been waged before, targeted both internally and also at the West. However, analysis of this volatile region always seems to originate from the perspectives of political analysts, anthropologists, social scientists, and experts on Islam and its history, often at the expense of any focus on literary or cultural production. One cannot help but notice the comparative lack of scholarship in English on theatre and drama in the Middle East in general, and in the Arab world in particular, in spite of the staggering number of studies done in Arabic on the topics. Of the many possible explanations, most prominent among them is a lack of familiarity both with Arabic as a language and the cultural context with which any researcher needs to review manuscripts and journal and newspaper articles and to conduct interviews. This language and culture gap means that the West remains deeply unaware of the fact that when it comes to theatre and drama in the postcolonial Arab world, there are heated debates that argue between modernity and traditions, between Western adaptations and local voices, between the role of theatre in politicizing the masses and art for art’s sake, and the relevance of utilizing hybrid performances—all reflecting questions raised by theatre-makers, artists, and Arab citizens alike. Certainly, the events of 9/11 prompted a surge in teaching Arabic as a foreign language and created an increasing demand for Arab-native speakers in the American academy. As a result, many Centers for Middle East Studies began to introduce new courses on the politics and society of the Arab world, recruited more faculty members, and promoted study abroad, internships, and Arabic-language study beyond US campuses, at sites across the Arab world. In spite of all these efforts, a noticeable scarcity persists when it comes to shedding light on the rich cultural heritages of the region. For instance, after a quick look at the Middle East Studies Association program of...

<p><strong><em>The purpose </em></strong><em>of this study is to analyze the media coverage and impact of five different bird conservation cases, namely Recovery of the California Condor population, Bird collisions with buildings, Plastic pollution in oceans affecting seabirds, Illegal bird trade in Southeast Asia, and the conservation of the Spoon-billed Sandpiper.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research Methodology</em></strong><em>. For this study, we conducted a literature review of relevant articles, news reports, and scientific papers on the five selected cases. We analyzed the media coverage and impact of these cases using a table format, which included information such as the research data, case description, media coverage, media impact, and suggestions for future coverage.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>. Our analysis revealed that the media plays a crucial role in raising awareness and driving action on bird conservation issues. For example, in the case of the Recovery of the California Condor population, the media coverage helped to create public support for conservation efforts. Similarly, in the case of the Illegal bird trade in Southeast Asia, media coverage raised public awareness, leading to policy changes and stricter law enforcement. However, our analysis also revealed that some cases received less media coverage than others. For instance, the issue of Bird collisions with buildings received less attention, despite being a significant threat to bird populations globally. We suggest that the media can use interactive techniques, such as virtual reality experiences, to increase public awareness of this issue and drive action towards reducing bird collisions.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty</em></strong><em>. This study’s novelty lies in its comprehensive analysis of media coverage and impact across five different bird conservation cases. We provide suggestions for future coverage and highlight the importance of media engagement in driving conservation efforts.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical Importance</em></strong><em>. Our analysis provides insights into the media’s role in bird conservation and suggests strategies for effective coverage of these issues. This study’s practical importance lies in its potential to drive action and create public support for bird conservation efforts globally.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> Bird conservation, Media coverage, Media impact, California Condor, Bird collisions, Plastic pollution, Illegal bird trade, Spoon-billed Sandpiper.</em></p>

This study considered the role the mainstream print media has played in creating, sustaining, or dispelling the confusion among some Americans regarding President Barack Obama's religious identity. Employing a qualitative discourse analysis of coverage of Obama's religious identity, the study noted several distinct themes, including current faith practices, connections to history, blame game, otherness, politicization, and Muslim connections. A number of articles failed to capture the social, political, and historical contexts of the issue. This failure resulted in coverage that implicitly accepted the questions' legitimacy surrounding the President's religion and delegitimized his beliefs. Other coverage legitimated the confusion over his religious identity by focusing on Obama's “nontraditional” path to Christianity. Such coverage accentuated Obama's otherness, and created the potential for distrust and doubt. The study concluded that the coverage Obama received from the mainstream print media played an important but inconsistent role in dispelling the confusion over his religious identity.

This study considered the role the mainstream print media has played in creating, sustaining, or dispelling the confusion among some Americans regarding President Barack Obama’s religious identity. Employing a qualitative discourse analysis of coverage of Obama’s religious identity, the study noted several distinct themes, including current faith practices, connections to history, blame game, otherness, politicization, and Muslim connections. A number of articles failed to capture the social, political, and historical contexts of the issue. This failure resulted in coverage that implicitly accepted the questions’ legitimacy surrounding the President’s religion and delegitimized his beliefs. Other coverage legitimated the confusion over his religious identity by focusing on Obama’s “nontraditional” path to Christianity. Such coverage accentuated Obama’s otherness, and created the potential for distrust and doubt. The study concluded that the coverage Obama received from the mainstream print media played an important but inconsistent role in dispelling the confusion over his religious identity.

This study is a textual analysis of Egyptian queer activist Sarah Hegazi’s suicide in 2020. Based on a grounded theory approach, qualitative analysis was performed on 23 media articles from Egypt, Lebanon, and the United States, with particular focus on episodic/thematic frames and the stigma/stigma-challenging frames due to their significance in studies about mental illness. The main findings reveal that Egypt had the highest stigma frames coupled with the lowest sympathy theme and the least attack on the Egyptian regime, whereas US and Lebanese outlets displayed high sympathy and vehemently attacked the Egyptian regime. Further, the study explains the findings in relation to country media systems. The significance of the study lies in its analysis of media coverage in three countries to help us understand how Arab and American media discuss the intersection of mental health and queerness in the Arab world. It also enriches the health communication literature as the first study to analyze the framing of the suicide of an Arab woman outside the context of war.