Abstract
The roles of inflammation and inflammatory cells such as Th17 cells in the development and progression of cancer have been extensively studied. However, the results have been varied, with conflicting conclusions. Most studies have focused on changes in inflammatory phenotypes once cancers have developed and disease is progressing. Far fewer studies have looked at the immune phenotypic changes that occur during progression of premalignant lesions to cancer. The impact of inflammation and, in particular, Th17 cells on tumor biology is summarized in this review, with a focus on the differences in the outcomes of studies. Possible explanations for the contradictory conclusions are also suggested.
Highlights
Public Access Author manuscriptJohnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA 2Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
The roles of inflammation and inflammatory cells such as Th17 cells in the development and progression of cancer have been extensively studied
In particular that of CD4+ cells, further complicates conclusive determinations of the role of inflammation in tumor progression [4,12,13]. This is to a large part due to the plasticity being driven by the cytokine milieu, creating a highly interactive scenario whereby mediators from immune cells, premalignant lesion or tumor cells, and the surrounding stroma all having an influence on the immune infiltrate and its pro- or anti-tumorigenic effects [4,13,14,15]
Summary
Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA 2Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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