Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezinin İslami ve İslami Olmayan Gelişmekte Olan Ekonomiler İçin Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Analizi

Mervan SELÇUK,Şakir GÖRMÜŞ,Murat GÜVEN

doi:10.31679/adamakademi.981595

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the relationships between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, trade openness, and urbanization within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for 11 Islamic and 11 non-Islamic Emerging Economies in the period of 1990-2018. For this purpose, the long-term relationship between variables are investigated for both country groups using MG, AMG, and CCEMG estimators. The results show that the effect of energy consumption on CO2 is significantly positive in both country specific and panel results. In non-Islamic emerging economies, there is significantly positive relationship between urbanization and CO2 for most country specific and panel results whereas the effect of urbanization on CO2 is significantly negative for most country specific and panel results in Islamic emerging economies. The effect of trade openness on CO2 is significantly negative in most Islamic and non-Islamic emerging economies. In panel results, the effect of trade openness on CO2 is significantly negative in non-Islamic emerging economies while it is insignificantly negative in Islamic emerging economies. The country specific results within the framework of the EKC hypothesis show that the EKC hypothesis is valid for Malaysia and Kuwait in Islamic emerging economies as well as Argentina, China, and Thailand in non-Islamic emerging economies for all models. The panel results represent that the EKC hypothesis is not valid for Islamic emerging economies in all models while valid for non-Islamic emerging economies in MG and AMG models.

Highlights

The global greenhouse gases (GHG), including carbon emissions trend, have increased since the beginning of the last century compared to the three previous decades due to the increase in carbon emissions from China and other emerging countries
The results show that the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is valid for all the BRICS economies except for India and South Africa
Estimation Results We employ Augmented Mean Group Estimator (AMG), Common Correlated Effects Mean Group Estimator (CCEMG) and Mean Group Estimator (MG) estimators for Islamic and non-Islamic emerging economies to obtain panel and country-specific results which are presented in Table 6 and Table 7, respectively

Summary

Introduction

The global greenhouse gases (GHG), including carbon emissions trend, have increased since the beginning of the last century compared to the three previous decades due to the increase in carbon emissions from China and other emerging countries. In the year 2018, the world’s biggest CO2 emitters are China, the United States, India, Russia, Japan, and European Union countries. These countries are composed of 51% of the earth population and 65% of global GDP, whereas energy consumption of these countries accounts for about 80% of total global energy consumption and 67.5% of total global CO2 emission Atmospheric residues of GHG have increased significantly and caused a natural greenhouse effect, which adversely affects life in the world. Despite the treaties on reducing greenhouse gas levels, carbon emissions are still the primary cause of global warming and increasing worldwide day by day. It is thought that environmental pollution in a country is dependent on income and on factors such as energy consumption, population growth, urbanization, and trade openness (Crippa et al, 2019; Yasin et al, 2020b; Yasmeen et al, 2020; Zameer et al, 2020)

Objectives

Methods

Conclusion