Abstract
Standard Economic Accounts for Agriculture and Forestry do not measure the ecosystem services and intermediate products embedded in the final products recorded, and omit the private non-commercial intermediate products and self-consumption of private amenities. These limitations of the standard accounts are addressed by the extended Agroforestry Accounting System, which is being tested at the publicly-owned Dehesa de la Luz agroforestry estate. The extended accounts simulate conservation forestry of holm oak and cork oak for the current as well as successive rotation cycles during which scheduled conservation of the cultural woodland landscape of the Dehesa de la Luz is carried out, improving the natural physical growth of the firewood and cork. The estimated results for 2014 reveal that private ecosystem services make up 50% of the firewood and grazing products consumed; the private environmental income accounts for 13% of the total private income; and the private environmental asset represents 53% of the total opening capital. The net value added is more than 2.3 times the amount estimated using the standard accounts. The landowner donates intermediate products of non-commercial services at a value of 85 €/ha, which are used to enhance the supply of public products.
Highlights
The sustainable management of the Spanish dehesa is important to rural development at the local, national, and European Union levels due to its environmental and economic value [1,2,3,4].Open woodlands in five autonomous communities in West and Central Spain predominate over an area of 6,151,318 ha (Table 1 and Figure 1) [5]
Determining the total private income and total private capital of the individual activities at Dehesa de la Luz allows us to estimate their economic profitability rates and, where appropriate, justify the compensation received from the government in reciprocity for the contribution to the intermediate services which are re-employed as input in the supply of public products at Dehesa de la Luz
It is unusual for owners to make investments for the benefit of future generations without receiving compensation from the government, given that competitive profitability results are mainly generated by amenities, and these are not affected in the short or medium term by the current rate of decline in raw material extractions of firewood, cork, acorns, and grass from dehesa woodlands
Summary
The sustainable management of the Spanish dehesa is important to rural development at the local, national, and European Union levels due to its environmental and economic value [1,2,3,4].Open woodlands in five autonomous communities in West and Central Spain predominate over an area of 6,151,318 ha (Table 1 and Figure 1) [5]. In the absence of statistics from the government regarding public dehesas, we estimated the extent of publicly-owned Mediterranean open woodlands where the fraction of tree cover is between 5% and 75%. These public open woodland formations occupy 738,615 ha and represent 12% of the estimated total area of open woodland formations in the Spanish dehesa area (Table 1). Most of these open woodlands do not form part of dehesa estates [6]
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