Abstract
Leachate from a municipal battery recycling site is a potent source of mixed-metal released into the environment. The present study investigated the degree at which mixed-metal exposure to the municipal auto-battery leachate (MABL) and to the Elewi Odo municipal auto-battery recycling site leachate (EOMABRL) affected the lipid membrane of the testes in in vitro experiment. The results showed elevated level of mixed-metals over the permissible levels in drinking water, as recommended by regulatory authorities. In the leachate samples, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker of lipid damage, was significantly (p<0.05) increased in rat testes in a dose-dependent manner. MDA induced by the municipal auto-battery leachate (MABL) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the leachate from Elewi Odo municipal auto-battery recycling site (EOMABRL). The testicular lipid membrane capacity was compromised following treatment with leachate from the municipal battery recycling site, implicating mixed-metal exposure as the causative agent of testicular damage and male infertility.
Highlights
The disorders of reproduction and hazards to reproductive health and associated functions have become prominent issues in recent decades after reports on adverse effects of certain chemicals
The present study investigated the degree at which mixed-metal exposure to the municipal auto-battery leachate (MABL) and to the Elewi Odo municipal auto-battery recycling site leachate (EOMABRL) affected the lipid membrane of the testes in in vitro experiment
The results revealed that leachate from Elewi Odo municipal autobattery recycling site (EOMABRL) showed a high level of heavy metals such as Cu, Fe and Mn
Summary
The disorders of reproduction and hazards to reproductive health and associated functions have become prominent issues in recent decades after reports on adverse effects of certain chemicals. Industrialization and overgrowing urbanization are suspected as causes of human exposure to different toxic chemicals. They may compromise the male reproductive system and produce cellular impairment both at structural and functional level (Beckman et al, 1990; Godwin et al, 2006). It is estimated that the Zn-Mn batteries occupy over 90% of the total annual sales of portable batteries due to their low prices, especially in developing countries like Nigeria and China. They are usually rapidly run out and thrown away (Bartolozzi, 1990). As a special residue containing heavy metals, the waste batteries
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