Tenderness variation among loin steaks from A and C maturity carcasses of heifers similar in chronological age.

Abstract

Fifty-two Angus x Gelbvieh rotationally crossed virgin, ovariectomized, or single-calf heifers were slaughtered after 100 d on a high-concentrate diet. Heifers from each treatment were approximately 31, 33, or 35 mo of age, and they produced 31 A, 5 B, and 16 C maturity carcasses. Because of the small number, B maturity carcasses were not included in this study. Number of A maturity carcasses decreased as age increased. No differences (P > .05) in slaughter weight, total weight gain, dressing percentage, longissimus muscle area, or kidney fat percentage existed between carcass maturity groups, but C maturity heifers had 3.56 mm more fat (P < .01) over the longissimus muscle than A maturity heifers. Marbling scores of slight79 and small0 for A and C maturity carcasses, respectively, did not differ (P > .05). The A and C maturity heifers had similar amounts of collagen and hydroxylysyl-pyridinium crosslinks in metacarpal bone cortex and in longissimus muscle. Neither means for panel tenderness nor Warner-Bratzler shear values differed (P > .05) between maturity groups. Coefficients of variation for tenderness were slightly higher in steaks from C maturity carcasses, but CV for shear values between A and C maturity groups were similar. Because inconsistent meat tenderness is a recognized problem in the beef industry, more research on tenderness variability within maturity and marbling groups is needed. This information, in addition to pooled SEM and differences between means, should aid in finding ways to reduce beef tenderness variability.