Abstract
The code observable of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) is influenced by group delay variations (GDV) of transmitter and receiver antennas. For the Global Positioning System (GPS), the variations can sum up to 1 m in the ionosphere-free linear combination and thus can significantly affect precise code applications. The contribution of the GPS transmitters can amount to 0.8 m peak-to-peak over the entire nadir angle range. To verify the assumption of their time-invariance, we determined daily individual satellite GDV for GPS transmitter antennas over a period of more than two years. Dual-frequency observations of globally distributed reference stations and their multipath combination form the basis for our analysis. The resulting GPS GDV are stable on the level of a few centimeters for C1, P2, and for the ionosphere-free linear combination. Our study reveals that the inconsistencies of the GDV of space vehicle number (SVN) 55 with respect to earlier studies are not caused by temporal instabilities, but are rather related to receiver properties.
Highlights
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) transmitter and receiver antennas cause group delay variations (GDV) which affect the pseudorange observable
GDV of SVN49 stems from internal signal reflections of L1 and L2 at the auxiliary L5 port, resulting in a multipath signal superimposed on the primary signal [1,2,3]
Since we focus on the GDV of the Global Positioning System (GPS) transmitters, we refer GDV to the nadir angle at the GPS
Summary
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) transmitter and receiver antennas cause group delay variations (GDV) which affect the pseudorange observable. In the case of GPS (Global Positioning System) transmitters, space vehicle number (SVN) 49 exhibits the most pronounced GDV with a peak-to-peak difference of several meters in the ionosphere-free linear combination (IF). Springer and Dilssner [4] took a detailed look at this phenomenon by analyzing pseudorange residuals of IGS (International GNSS Service) stations on Earth from the precise orbit determination (POD) of May 2009.
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