Abstract
In many studies regarding the field of malaria, environmental factors have been acquired in single-time, multi-time or a short-time series using remote sensing and meteorological data. Selecting the best periods of the year to monitor the habitats of Anopheles larvae can be effective in better and faster control of malaria outbreaks. In this article, high-risk times for three regions in Iran, including Qaleh-Ganj, Sarbaz and Bashagard counties with a history of malaria prevalence were estimated. For this purpose, a series of environmental factors affecting the growth and survival of Anopheles were used over a seven-year period through the Google Earth Engine. The results of this study indicated two high-risk times for Qaleh-Ganj and Bashagard counties and three high-risk times for Sarbaz county over the course of a year observing an increase in the abundance of Anopheles mosquitoes. Further evaluation of the results against the entomological data available in previous studies showed that the high-risk times predicted in this study were consistent with an increase in the abundance of Anopheles mosquitoes in the study areas. The proposed method is extremely useful for temporal prediction of the increase in abundance of Anopheles mosquitoes in addition to the use of optimal data aimed at monitoring the exact location of Anopheles habitats.
Highlights
The time series of Land Surface Temprature (LST), precipitation, soil moisture, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), vegetation health indices and ET were implemented in GEE
It was possible to use the air temperature thresholds of growth and survival of Anopheles larvae on Adaptive LST (ALST) time series data and predict high-risk times in each study area
Given that the aim of this research was the prediction of high-risk periods that would increase the abundance of Anopheles, it was necessary to monitor the climatic conditions of the study areas over a long period of time
Summary
Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito and claims millions of lives globally every year [1]. The pattern of malaria transmission varies markedly from region to region, depending on climate and biogeography [2]. Malaria has been successfully eradicated in many parts of the world in recent decades, Anopheles mosquitoes have not become extinct. There is still the risk of malaria transmission in areas where Anopheles mosquitoes inhabit [3]. A recent study has shown that targeting the Anopheles larvae can be an effective tool in the fight against malaria [4]. The growth of Anopheles mosquitoes from eggs to larvae and to adult mosquitoes occurs
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