Abstract
The relation between signal and background noise strengths in single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based pulsed time-of-flight 3-D range imaging is analyzed on the assumption that the SPAD detector is operating in the single photon detection mode. Several practical measurement cases using a 256-pixel solid-state pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) line profiler are presented and analyzed in the light of the resulting analysis. It is shown that in this case it is advantageous to concentrate the available optical average power in short, intensive pulses and to focus the optical energy in spatial terms. In 3-D range imaging, this could be achieved by using block-based illumination instead of the regularly used flood illumination. One modification of this approach could be a source that would illuminate the system FOV only in narrow laser stripes. It is shown that a 256-pixel SPAD-based pulsed TOF line profiler following these design principles can achieve a measurement range of 5–10 m to non-cooperative targets at a rate of ~10 lines/s under bright sunlight conditions using an average optical power of only 260 µW.
Highlights
Light Rejection in single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-Based LiDARSensors by Adaptive Photon Coincidence Detection
The goal of this paper is to present the key properties of SPAD receiver-based 2-D and 3-D range imaging techniques using the pulsed TOF approach
An analysis analysis is here of of the the relation relation between between signal pulsed time-of-flight range imaging, especially with respect to measurement conditions limited by pulsed time-of-flight 3D range imaging, especially with respect to measurement conditions limited background noise and onon thethe assumption that by background noise and assumption thatthe theprobability probabilityofofaasingle singleemitted emittedlaser laser pulse pulse being being detected in any given
Summary
Light Rejection in SPAD-Based LiDARSensors by Adaptive Photon Coincidence Detection. Sensors 2018, 18, 4338. [CrossRef]Kabuk, U. 4D Solid-State Lidar, International SPAD Workshop 2020 ISSW; University of Edinburgh: Edinburgh, UK, 2020.Srowik, A. 256 × 16 SPAD Array and 16-Channel Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Driver for Automotive Lidar. 4D Solid-State Lidar, International SPAD Workshop 2020 ISSW; University of Edinburgh: Edinburgh, UK, 2020. 256 × 16 SPAD Array and 16-Channel Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Driver for Automotive Lidar. SPAD Workshop 2020 ISSW; University of Edinburgh: Edinburgh, UK, 2020. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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