Abstract
Infectious diarrhea (ID) is an intestinal infectious disease including cholera, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, bacterial and amebic dysentery, and other infectious diarrhea. There are many studies that have explored the relationship between ambient temperature and the spread of infectious diarrhea, but the results are inconsistent. It is necessary to systematically evaluate the impact of temperature on the incidence of ID. This study was based on the PRISMA statement to report this systematic review. We conducted literature searches from CNKI, VIP databases, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and other databases. The number registered in PROSPERO is CRD42021225472. After searching a total of 4915 articles in the database and references, 27 studies were included. The number of people involved exceeded 7.07 million. The overall result demonstrated when the temperature rises, the risk of infectious diarrhea increases significantly (RRcumulative=1.42, 95%CI: 1.07-1.88, RRsingle-day=1.08, 95%CI: 1.03-1.14). Subgroup analysis found the effect of temperature on the bacillary dysentery group (RRcumulative=1.85, 95%CI: 1.48-2.30) and unclassified diarrhea groups (RRcumulative=1.18, 95%CI: 0.59-2.34). The result of the single-day effect subgroup analysis was similar to the result of the cumulative effect. And the sensitivity analysis proved that the results were robust. This systematic review and meta-analysis support that temperature will increase the risk of ID, which is helpful for ID prediction and early warning in the future.
Highlights
Diarrheal disease is one of the major diseases with the highest incidence in the world, especially among children and the elderly (James et al 2018)
Infectious diarrhea (ID) is an intestinal infectious disease caused by a variety of pathogens, including Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, and Rotavirus (Lin and Dong 2008)
Wang et al investigated meteorological factors and infectious diarrhea incidence, they found that elevated temperature (31.85°C vs. 3.49°C) was a protective factor for ID (RR = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80–0.83)
Summary
Diarrheal disease is one of the major diseases with the highest incidence in the world, especially among children and the elderly (James et al 2018). According to the statistics of infectious diseases in China, more than 1 million ID accidents are reported every year (DCFPH 2016). Campbell-Lendrum et al report c due to changes in climatic conditions, the incidence of infectious diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, and cholera causes more than 3 million deaths each year (Campbell-Lendrum et al 2015). Wang et al study suggested that low temperatures during cold days could increase the risk of ID in China taking the median temperature as a reference (Wang et al 2020). Wang et al investigated and found the low temperature (RR = 1.057, 95% CI: 1.030–1.084) will increase the risk of infectious diarrhea (Wang et al 2019). There is still a lack of relevant comprehensive evidence for the impact of ambient temperature on the risk of infectious diarrhea.
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