Abstract
Most literary trauma scholars have depended exclusively on the psychological theory of trauma, which was developed by Freud, and have interpreted trauma, from a homogenous and one-dimensional perspective, as unrepresentable, inherently pathological, timeless, repetitious, unknowable, and unspeakable. This traditional interpretation has served as a dominant, popular model of trauma. However, expanding beyond traditional, essentialist concepts of identity, experience, and remembering, trauma scholars are producing alternative, pluralistic theories of trauma. Given this, this paper first will introduce the traditional psychological model of trauma. To deepen and enrich the discussion of trauma beyond that of the disease-driven paradigm based on pathological essentialism, it will also introduce more recent, detailed, and sophisticated trauma theories. This study is expected to help us better understand the multifaceted functions and effects of traumatic experiences occurring at both the personal and the societal levels.
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