Telework and Sustainable Urban Mobility: Conceptual Modeling From the Systematic Literature Review

The growth of cities is not spontaneous and uncontrollable but guided and shaped by human interaction and by physical infrastructure. However, urban expansion around the world is characterised by uncontrolled urban sprawl leading to inefficient use of space and natural resources. Interactions between humans and opportunities for innovations are constrained by low density and social segregation. For the cities and towns to function efficiently, accessibility is essential to carry the goods and for services. But accessible cities are being encouraged to shift towards more sustainable modes of transportation and draw more travelers in different modes of transport including sidewalks. Mobility is about more than just the mode of transport available. Urban planning and design should focus on how to bring people and places together, by creating cities that focus on accessibility and optimal urban densities, rather than simply increasing the length of urban transport infrastructure. This paper gives a brief review of urban planning initiatives taken by government of Indian towards a sustainable urban mobility plans and outlines urban planning challenges for the local urban bodies, urban designers and policy makers.

Reviewed by: A U-Turn to the Future: Sustainable Urban Mobility since 1850 ed. by Martin Emanuel et al. Hans-Liudger Dienel (bio) A U-Turn to the Future: Sustainable Urban Mobility since 1850 by Martin Emanuel, Frank Schipper, and Ruth Oldenziel. New York: Berghahn, 2020. Pp. 340. This anthology aims at nothing less than summing up many years of research on the history of sustainable urban mobility since 1850, within the T2M (International Association for the History of Transport, Traffic and Mobility) and ToE (Tensions of Europe Network). It makes use of historical studies on the actual transformation toward more sustainable urban mobilities, thus breathing the spirit of the "Eindhoven School" into retrospective technology assessment (Johan Schot). The collected volume is divided into four sections, each with three chapters. A total of eighteen authors contribute, and the editors are involved in half of the chapters. Section 1 analyzes why and how urban and transport planning became a profession and academic discipline in Western Europe and the United States, driven by associations, which pushed imaginaries of individual motorized transport systems. They became dominant against narratives of [End Page 872] public transport systems and individual nonmotorized transport like walking and cycling in the twentieth century. This section does not acknowledge the strong visions for public transport systems in the late nineteenth century. It does show that throughout the twentieth century, a lively minority in Western cities continued to favor public transport and an urban atmosphere based on walking and cycling. City governments were often more positive about walking and cycling than transport experts. Swiss cities with a direct democracy culture kept their streetcars to ensure a majority at the ballot box. Thus, the section implicitly advocates more power for elected city governments. Section 2 looks at the history of twentieth-century sustainable urban mobility and presents fascinating case studies of how pedestrians and cyclists managed to scramble through urban transport infrastructures that gave them increasingly less room to maneuver. All three chapters underline that official transport statistics throughout the twentieth century more or less ignored nonmotorized urban transport. The authors recommend using other sources, like diaries and street photos, to verify the quantity and quality of cycling and walking in cities. Section 3 goes one step further and analyzes where and how urban public transport, walking, and cycling prevailed. Socialist cities maintained robust public transport because they could not afford the imaginaries of the West, while their transport planners had already switched to Western models of urban mobility. Frank Schipper interprets the strong movement toward urban parks as what Elizabeth Shove calls "pockets of persistence," though the park movement fits nicely into the separation of urban functions in a Charter-of-Athens city. Martin Emanuel demonstrates through a case study in Stockholm how the urban scenario combining pedestrians, cyclists, and public transport survived on many European cities' main roads, unlike in North America's urban sprawl. Section 4 harvests recommendations for future history projects and urban policies. It calls for new data collection of sustainable urban mobilities, including sources other than official statistics. Mimi Sheller highlights that a sustainable mobility policy can enlarge the inequality between rich and poor in the city. She suggests even more radical concepts to overcome this struggle for mobility justice. So far, mainly middle-class actors support her vision. The book breathes the social movement spirit of sustainable urban mobilities and sees history as an ally to support these movements. A UTurn to the Future examines individual mobility and competing imaginaries of driving, cycling, and walking, not focusing on public transport. It was published just before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two years on, the book's strong push toward further individualization of transport makes even more sense. Our cities need new infrastructures for individual [End Page 873] sustainable urban mobilities. I agree that this exploration of the past 170 years of cultural policies for sustainable urban mobilities serves as a good resource for the U-turn. Hans-Liudger Dienel Hans-Liudger Dienel is professor in Work, Technology, and Participation at Berlin University of Technology, where he chairs the Sustainable Mobility Management MBA program. Dienel was president of T2M (2008–14) and is editor...

The obligatory mobility patterns of the university community are analysed, in this case for the University of Burgos (Spain). The study is based on a survey that gathered data of a personal nature and data on daily journeys made by the university community. The mobility survey was conducted with over 2500 interviewees at the University of Burgos (students, teachers and other personnel). Outgoing and incoming journeys to each study centre and the modal split are analysed. The motives for using each transport mode that were given by the university population in reply to the questionnaire are also studied. Various discrete choice models are calibrated to determine how to improve demand for sustainable modes of public transport, in the search for a new scenario that would offer a better quality of life. On that basis, different action plans are proposed, comparing the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption and occupation of the urban area, among other points. The results will be useful for urban public transport planners and for the implementation of strategies to incentivise more sustainable modes of transport.

Sustainable urban mobility in Istanbul: Challenges and prospects

The increasing demand for urban mobility in modern cities leads to traffic congestion and other environmental and societal impacts, requiring a shift to more sustainable mobility behavior. However, travelers are not well informed about the possible sustainable modes and their advantages, as traffic education is often limited to learning traffic rules. To raise awareness on sustainability, various techniques may be used, such as designated educational programs, training sessions, seminars and campaigns. Acknowledging the spread and popularity of social media, the aim of the paper is to investigate how a shift in behavior towards more sustainable modes of transportation may be affected by a digital campaign. The coherent production of a successful sustainable urban mobility campaign is a complex task and requires a thorough understanding of the general needs of those affected. Firstly, the paper reviews and analyses previous campaigns and strategies related to sustainable urban mobility implemented in European countries. Analysis includes the organization, which was responsible for initiating the campaign, the time period, theme, scope, target group and type of approach. In those cases, that evaluation of the campaign was conducted, impacts on attitudes and behavior are also identified and the success attributes of the campaigns are selected. In the context of further research, an on-line questionnaire survey was carried out for the identification of travelers’ preferences and attitudes towards innovative strategies that raise awareness in sustainable urban mobility, promoted and supported by social media (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.).

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) for personal passenger transportation in cities is increasingly impacting our society and environment, offering benefits such as reduced tailpipe emissions and noise pollution. However, while the existing literature predominantly concentrates on technological advancements and environmental benefits, there are emerging undesirable side effects that, if left unaddressed, may undermine the overall sustainability of urban mobility. The objective of this study is to identify the externalities associated with increased EV adoption in urban environments and to propose mitigation strategies that assist individuals and policymakers in making informed decisions about electric mobility choices. Therefore, a systematic literature review following the PRISMA protocol is performed to consolidate previous research on the externalities of increased EV adoption in urban environments and explore mitigation strategies. The analysis reveals that EV adoption: amplifies transport-related social inequalities; contributes to natural resource and habitat degradation; requires substantial charging infrastructure and power network investments, which necessitates mitigation strategies to extend beyond technical advancements, emphasising a shift from personal to public and shared transportation. The study findings offer invaluable insights for policymakers and scholars alike, underscoring the necessity for comprehensive urban mobility concepts that encompass sustainable passenger transportation modes and active government and citizen participation.

Travel patterns in daily life differ greatly between women and men, and differences in socialisation substantially impact travel mode choice. The literature has demonstrated a higher affinity towards local public transportation and sustainability for women. Men, by contrast, show a higher affinity towards cars, technology, and innovation. However, sex and gender factors have not been considered when examining innovative, sustainable urban mobility so far. A gender-sensitive perspective, therefore, is necessary to increase the possibility of using sustainable modes of transportation, including carsharing with battery-powered electric vehicles and, therefore, improve the quality of life in larger cities.This article closes this research gap with an analysis of a representative sample of 2400 respondents from four major cities in Germany based on Robin Law's theoretical framework of gendered daily mobility from 1999. In addition to socio-demographic, economic, and mobility-related factors, attitudes towards transport modes and the preferences for e-carsharing services are analysed to provide deeper insights into gender differences of urban dwellers.Grouped by age and gender, the presence of a child in the household is associated with different changes in preferences for specific modes of transport for women and men. Although the results indicate that urban women are more concerned about environmentally-friendly mobility in general and use cars less often than men, more women than men prefer going by car if there is a child under the age of 14 years in the household. There is unequal access to resources in mobility, which is in line with financial aspects being the main reason against car ownership for urban women. Parenthood has a positive effect on the acceptance of carsharing with battery-powered electric vehicles for women and men. In conclusion, gender differences result from different daily tasks, but there are also significant differences beyond this aspect that show a socially constructed gendered meaning of sustainable urban mobility.This research improves the understanding of sustainable urban mobility regarding gender differences, that is, the increase of car use of women with children, and the rejection of women of new mobility services. Only when gender differences are considered in planning processes, it will be possible to improve the quality of living in urban areas by reducing urban space scarcity, local and global emissions, and noise exposure.

Conceptual model is considered to be essential in simulation development activities. However, there are only a few research studies on how to develop conceptual models, the problems of model's low reusability and lacking management are presented in the conceptual model's development of simulation system. To solve the above problems, the concept of conceptual model (MCM) is presented for realizing the conceptual model's abstract in the higher arrangement. The ontology conception is introduced to design the MCM, and the MCM's architecture and modeling process are given too. By mapping the MCM to conceptual model (CM), the conceptual model's modeling process is realized. Finally, the method is applied in the conceptual model's modeling of equipment support simulation system, and the better validation is obtained. Conceptual Model. Meta means overtaking or basic, which often be used with other nouns such as language, model and data. The concepts of language, model and data are formed. When developing the conceptual models of some specific domains, the meta may be used before CM, and the concept of conceptual model (MCM) is presented. In brief, MCM is the model of CM and has the higher abstract degree. By using the MOF (Meta Object Facility) for reference (3), the four levels MCM architecture is presented, which is shown in Table 1. Table 1 MCM's Architecture

The New Urban Agenda provides a number of relevant references to sustainable mobility; it promotes walkability and cycling with the goal of improving health and well-being, and includes measures to improve road safety and design. This chapter advocates for attention to urban cycling in assisting in the transition to sustainable mobility as a possible way to increase the sustainable supply of urban transport in cities. Promoting and developing cycling is important for individuals’ health, reduction in road traffic collisions, environmental sustainability, and transport demand management. Cities need a cycling culture and there is a role for national governments in supporting the development of cycling. Policy makers should think carefully about potential consequences of policy initiatives. This study focuses on Italian cities in terms of development, sustainability, and infrastructures to promote cycling as a sustainable mode of transport. The results suggest deficiencies in cycling levels in Italy where the development of cycling as a sustainable mode of transport is still far from that of other European countries. In addition, cycling levels are much higher in northern Italian cities than in cities in the South. The differences are related to the overall mobility culture of the cities, and specifically to the different infrastructures and policies.

Against the background that urbanization has proceeded quickly in China over the last two decades, a limited number of empirical researches have been performed for analyzing the measurement and driving forces of urban sprawl at the national and regional level. The article aims at using remote sensing derived data and administrative data (for statistical purposes) to investigate the development status of urban sprawl together with its driving forces. Compared with existing studies, NPP/VIIRS data and LandScan data were used here to examine urban sprawl from two different perspectives: urban population sprawl and urban land sprawl. Furthermore, we used population density as a counter-indicator of urban sprawl, and the regression results also prove the superiority of the urban sprawl designed by us. The main results show that the intensity of urban population sprawl and urban land sprawl has been enhanced. However, the upside-down between the inflow of migrants and the supply of urban construction land among different regions aggravates the intensity of urban sprawl. According to the regression analyses, the driving mechanism of urban sprawl in the eastern region relying on land finance and financial development has lost momentum for the limitation of urban construction land supply. The continuous outflow of population and loosely land supply have accelerated the intensity of urban land sprawl in the central and western regions. The findings of the article may help people to realize that urban sprawl has become a staggering reality among Chinese cities; thereby urban planners as well as policymakers should make some actions to hinder the urban sprawl.

Heat related risks have gained increased attention in science and urban planning due to their already visible impacts on human health, quality of life, and infrastructure services. However, local risk management and climate adaptation strategies focussed on heat stress often do not fully consider all determinants of urban climate risks. In addition, urban transformation processes and individual behaviour, responses to heat stress, and their capacities in different urban structures are often not sufficiently integrated into urban adaptation plans to heat related risks. Considering these research gaps, this study, as part of the urbisphere project, presents a multi-faceted approach to address the complex interplay between urban transformation, socio-demographic changes, and climate adaptation needs using urban structure types (USTs) in Berlin, Germany. We first explore the temporal dynamics of urban physical and socio-demographic structures using USTs. Then, we assess the effectiveness and acceptance of the adaptation measures by different households in selected USTs. This assessment is based on statistical data and a large household survey in Berlin encompassing more than 560 households. While the statistical data allows to classify the transformation of urban and demographic structures within the city, the household survey is used to explore how USTs and socio-demographic variables (e.g., age, income, ownership) influence residents’ behaviour (e.g., ventilation and mobility) and their willingness to implement coping and adaptation measures (structural and non-structural). The findings underscore that policy frameworks and practical urban planning approaches for climate adaptation need to better account for city transformation processes and coping and adaptation measures of different households differentiated by human vulnerability and USTs. Urban planning can build on this information, for example in terms of actively monitoring the impacts of planned adaptation on the physical and social structure within different USTs.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of Amman’s Metropolitan Growth Plan (MGP) in reducing urban sprawl. It explores the effects of densification strategies on urban form, focusing on accessibility, connectivity and land-use diversity in both built-up neighborhoods and new expansion areas, aiming to offer insights for future urban planning. Design/methodology/approach This study evaluates urban sprawl mitigation in Amman, focusing on three neighborhoods: Tabarbour, AL-Basalah and AL-Karamah. A comparative analysis using GIS data, census data and interviews examined density, accessibility, connectivity and land-use diversity. The study assesses the impact of MGP densification strategies on urban form and sprawl reduction. Findings This study found a negative correlation between density and sprawl dimensions such as connectivity, accessibility and diversity. Despite densification, urban sprawl persisted in Tabarbour. In AL-Karamah, challenges in landownership hindered the full implementation of high-density mixed-use development. The findings highlight limitations in the MGP’s impact on sprawl mitigation. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to three neighborhoods in Amman, and the findings may not fully represent other areas. GIS and census data were used, but additional factors influencing sprawl, such as socioeconomic aspects, were not explored. Future research could expand to include more neighborhoods and longitudinal data for deeper insights. Practical implications This study suggests urban planners and policymakers focus on overcoming landownership barriers, improving infrastructure and enhancing connectivity and land-use diversity. These findings offer guidance for refining MGP strategies to ensure urban growth is sustainable and equitable, addressing the challenges of rapid urbanization and promoting resilience in urban areas. Social implications This study highlights the need for inclusive urban planning that ensures equitable access to urban infrastructure and services. Addressing social inequalities in urban development is crucial to enhancing the quality of life for residents. The findings emphasize the importance of social inclusion in urban sprawl mitigation efforts. Originality/value This study provides a novel evaluation of the MGP’s impact on urban sprawl in Amman, combining densification strategies with urban form analysis. It contributes valuable insights into sustainable urban development practices, particularly in rapidly growing cities and emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to urban sprawl mitigation and planning.

Sustainable urban mobility: One definition, different stakeholders’ opinions

Purpose – Human resources management is considered the heartbeat of organizations and institutions in the field of business administration in particular. Good management ensures the retention of employees who are creative and skilled. This affects the organization’s productivity, profits, and competitive position in the market. Aims – This paper aims to develop a suitable systematic review on the research literature that has been undertaken to investigate how on human resource management influences employee performance within an organization. Growth in employee performance, through good management and its practices is an important factor that affects the organization and its production. Design/methodology/approach – This systematic literature review, analysed publications and articles published over the past two decades (2005–2023) on the human resources management in Northern Cyprus. Based on the comprehensive research analysis of 18 articles, employees are motivated to perform effectively through commitment, loyalty, discipline, innovation and self-learning. Their performance has been thoroughly investigated in numerous research papers. Findings – All hypotheses were supported by data collected from 18 research papers that showed that human resources management works to improve employee roles and job performance and human resources management is considered a means to enhance the relationship with employees and develop them. Limitations of the study – The research is limited to studies on human resources management that were done in Northern Cyprus. Originality/value – This systematic review of literature is significant because it presents insights on the importance of human resources management in the realms of an organisation.

Objective – To analyze Law No. 5.558/2023, which establishes the Urban Mobility Master Plan of Garça/SP, assessing its compliance with Federal Law No. 12.587/2012 and the guidelines of PlanMob, with a focus on the needs and challenges of small cities. Methodology – The study adopted an exploratory and descriptive approach to analyze Garça/SP’s Urban Mobility Master Plan. The evaluation was based on indicators proposed by Magagnin (2023), aligned with Federal Law No. 12.587/2012, and focused on thematic axes related to transport systems and sustainable urban mobility. The presence of these themes in the legal text was verified through manual content analysis, classifying each parameter as fully addressed, partially addressed, or absent. Annexes containing technical information were considered complementary and not included in the direct evaluation. Originality/Relevance – The study addresses a theoretical gap concerning the scarcity of systematic analyses on the implementation of the National Urban Mobility Policy (PNMU) in small cities, which have dynamics and limitations distinct from large urban centers. Most research focuses on metropolises or medium-sized cities, neglecting the specific challenges of smaller municipalities, such as limited public transport provision and the absence of regulations for essential services, including school or rural transport. The academic relevance lies in contributing to urban planning by demonstrating how municipal legal instruments may or may not incorporate federal guidelines, strengthening the discussion on sustainable urban mobility, territorial inclusion, and equity in public policies across different urban scales. Results – Of the 24 parameters analyzed in Garça/SP’s Urban Mobility Master Plan, 11 (45.8%) fully comply with the National Urban Mobility Policy (PNMU), 6 (25.0%) are partially addressed, and 7 (29.2%) are not addressed. The main gaps concern public transport, modal integration, fare policy, specific services, environmental impacts, and accessibility in rural areas, indicating the need for greater detail in these aspects. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – The study proposes a replicable methodology for evaluating municipal plans based on normative indicators, contributing to the academic debate on urban planning in small cities and their compliance with national policies. Social and Environmental Contributions – The study identifies pathways to improve urban mobility in smaller cities, focusing on inclusion, accessibility, and sustainability, highlighting measures that can reduce inequalities in transport access and mitigate environmental impacts.