Abstract
T cells are at the center of cancer immunology because of their ability to recognize mutations in tumor cells and directly mediate cancer cell killing. Immunotherapies to rejuvenate exhausted Tcell responses have transformed the clinical management of several malignancies. In parallel, the development of novel multidimensional analysis platforms, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and high-dimensional flow cytometry, has yielded unprecedented insights into immune cell biology. This convergence has revealed substantial heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in single tumors, across tumor types, and among individuals with cancer. Here we discuss the opportunities and challenges of studying the complex tumor microenvironment with -omics technologies that generate vast amounts of data, highlighting the opportunities and limitations of these technologies with a particular focus on interpreting high-dimensional studies of CD8+ Tcells in the tumor microenvironment.
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