Abstract
This paper highlights the necessity of system modification of the main soil slopes processing by developing new technologies of processing eroded soils and technical means to protect a soil from wind and water erosion, reduce processing energy costs, improve moisture accumulation and preservation, and increase the aggregate productivity. An improved differentiated system of slopes soil tilling is proposed, including a crest-stepped ploughing with complete alternation (at 180° within the range of own furrow) and incomplete turnover of the layers and mouldboardless two-tier tilling. During the first year, a crest-stepped ploughing was carried out on slope fields affected by water and wind erosion. Thus, stratum’s subsurface layers are strip loosened. To implement this technology, an improved plough for crest-stepped ploughing developed on the basis of a stepped plough for furrowless smooth tillage is proposed. The rotation was carried out with mould boardless two-tier soil tilling by a ripper with inclined posts. Further, it is recommended to develop and implement combined machines able to simultaneously conduct mould boardless and mouldboard soil tilling, strip subsurface loosening, fertilizer application and other manipulations to prepare soil for sowing and the sowing per one passage of the unit to protect soil from wind and water erosion.
Highlights
A systematic land ploughing and intensification of agriculture especially on slopes, leads to an increase in the proportion of areas undergoing erosion
More than 70% of the cultivated area of rainfed lands is subjected to varying degrees of wind and water erosion
Rustamov [5] recommended a production which is based on the application of antidumping tillage with flat-cutters and heavy harrows (BDT-3) alternating with traditional dumping tillage in order to protect dark gray terrestrial soils from water erosion to preserve the deficit-free balance of humus and the main plant nutrients
Summary
A systematic land ploughing and intensification of agriculture especially on slopes, leads to an increase in the proportion of areas undergoing erosion. Rustamov [5] recommended a production which is based on the application of antidumping tillage with flat-cutters and heavy harrows (BDT-3) alternating with traditional dumping tillage (depth of 20 22 cm.) in order to protect dark gray terrestrial soils from water erosion to preserve the deficit-free balance of humus and the main plant nutrients They indicate that active weed control should be used on winter wheat crops in the years of alternation of small, antidumping treatments of rainfed dark serozems with dump ploughing by 20-22 cm. The technological process of improved conventional standard plows for the soils prone treatment resistant to water erosion is based on rolling the soil layers to the side (into the furrow), which leads to the formation of wide break-up furrows and high open furrows, as well as displacement of the soil along the slope up or down by 50-60 cm They carry out ploughing in a driven way which leads to a sharp decrease in productivity and quality of work on sloping lands. It was necessary to improve the differentiated system of soil treatment, which would ensure effective protection of soil from wind and water erosion, reduction of weed infestation, increase in labor productivity and minimal costs for tillage
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