Technological regulations for improving the ecological state and increasing fodder production on estuary irrigation systems of the Caspian Lowland

Abstract

In connection with the intensive development of animal husbandry at the present stage and the need to strengthen the forage base, an urgent problem arose to expand the areas of estuary irrigation systems and increase the productivity of flooded hayfields. These reclaimed lands of the Caspian lowland currently have low efficiency due to the deterioration of the technical condition of engineering structures and the degradation of hay grass. For arid conditions, a technological regulation has been developed to improve the designs of estuary irrigation systems, which makes it possible to ensure a clear and complete implementation of measures, taking into account local characteristics. The proposed regulation defines the procedure for organizing, methodology and technology of work on assessing and forecasting the ecological and reclamation state of lands and phytocenoses on estuary irrigation systems in relation to the conditions of the Republic of Kalmykia. A regional system for monitoring the ecological and reclamation state of lands and phytocenoses on estuaries has been developed, which allows for regular monitoring and timely adoption of comprehensive measures to improve the environmental situation in estuary irrigation systems. Technological regulations for elements of zonal technologies for surface and radical improvement of engineering estuaries, as well as regulations for the radical improvement of saline and solonetzic estuary lands using chemical amelioration have been developed. The introduction of these technologies makes it possible to increase the productivity of firth hayfields up to 5.0-8.0 t/ha, which is 2.5-6 times higher compared to the current level.