Abstract
AbstractThis paper aims to reduce LCOE (levelized cost of energy), NPC (net present cost), unmet load, and greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing an optimized solar photovoltaic (SPV)/battery energy storage (BES) off‐grid integrated renewable energy system configured with a 21‐kW SPV, 5707.8 kW BES, and a 12‐kW converter system. The LCOE is reduced to 14.73% of that obtained in the diesel generator (DG)‐only system by deploying the proposed energy system and to 28.61% of that obtained in the DG/battery energy system. The NPC is reduced to 14.78% of that DG and 28.70% of that DG/battery energy system. By sensitivity analysis, it is found that LCOE decreases with the increasing inflation rate and also with the decreasing discount rate. A performance compression analysis between the designed energy system and similar recent studies has also been presented. The proposed energy system reduces diesel consumption by at least 8113 L/year and total greenhouse gas emissions by at least 21 545 kg/year in the study area. Also, 13.9% of excess energy is produced per year at only 0.02% of the unmet load percentage. These outcomes are extremely relevant for making investments in policies for supplying electricity to a residential load in a low‐load profile area.
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