Abstract
ABSTRACT With the increase in narcissistic and borderline pathology, there is an increased incidence of clients who utilize primitive defenses such as splitting, projection and projective identification. Treating clients who employ primitive defense mechanisms often leads therapists to experience intense emotional reactions such as shame, rage and despair that are difficult for them to understand. This tendency is amplified in beginning therapists, for whom learning to do psychotherapy can be narcissistically injuring under the belt of circumstances. The current paper attempts to articulate some methods of teaching therapists-in-training to treat clients who utilize splitting and projective identification. A combined dydactic-experi-ential approach to supervision is recommended due to the importance of both intellectual understanding and the use-of-self-as-an-instrument when treating these clients.
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