Teaching histology without microscopes: The advantages of digital technology

Abstract

Human Microscopic Anatomy is taught to first year medical students during the Fall semester at GWUMC. Traditionally microscope-based, in 2004 the course “went digital” after the construction of a state-of-the-art classroom that features 90 computer workstations with high resolution flat screen monitors, as well as a digital projector system. Representative samples of each of the 100 slides in the students’ slide boxes were digitally scanned by Bacus Labs Inc. (Chicago, IL). Bacus software allows students to bring up the scanned specimens on the monitor, select any area, and magnify that area up to 40X. This technology closely mimics the learning experience of conventional microscopes, often with better images. After two years, we have noted several important advantages. Because each student looks at the same specimen for a given slide, we created a new laboratory manual with full-color thumbnail versions of each specimen, with major landmarks labeled for easy orientation; pre-lab orientation tours are also facilitated. Faculty/student interaction and teaching efficiency are fostered, as several students can view the monitor while the instructor navigates through the slide and answers questions, offering impromptu mini-lectures or testing student learning. We have improved our slide collection by adding specimens from the large library of scanned slides available through Bacus. Students appreciate that they do not have to use microscopes, but are not missing any of the positive aspects of a traditional histology course. Thus far, course evaluation responses indicate that students enjoy a more efficient laboratory experience.