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The researcher believes that the research importance deals with an essential topic. Psychological security is a key requirement for each student. It is clear that the significance of dealing with it in Iraqi society has gone through dangerous turns represented by terrorism, which generated fear among the general spectrum of society, especially children. According to research results, interested psychological counselors and social workers, working in elementary schools, should deepen pupil’s ideological understanding and needs, which will help in developing appropriate psychological and social programs for them. As for the objectives of the research, they should identify the following: What is the level of psychological security for primary school students? 2- Are there statistically significant differences in the level of psychological security of primary school pupils due to the gender variable (male – female)? 3- Are there statistically significant differences in the level of psychological security of primary school pupils due to the location of the school (urban - rural)? 4- Are there statistically significant differences in the level of psychological security of primary school pupils due to the type of education (governmental - private)? The research community consists of directors, assistants, male and female teachers in Wasit Governorate who practice their work in primary schools for the academic year (2018-2019). The research community reached (4996) male and female teachers by (3706) female and (1290) teachers, where the number of male and female teachers in private schools reached (174) male and female teachers, by (79) male and (104) female teachers. The research was applied to a sample consisted of (359) male and female teachers, by (189) female teachers and (170) male teachers. The statistical methods used are: 1- Averages and percentages for calculating the relative weight of psychological security 2- Pearson correlation coefficient. 3- A (T) test to calculate the differences between the average scores of the sample members.

Relationships and sexuality education (RSE) was introduced in Irish schools in 1995 to address pressures on young people specific to relationships and sexuality. RSE is part of a whole school health promotion project. Emphasis is put on personal and social development of students, cross-curricular dimensions, school ethos, school climate and partnership with families and community. However, RSE has become the preserve of female teachers with fewer male teachers attending in-service. This research explored the attitudes, beliefs and needs of male post-primary teachers with regard to RSE in their school. A qualitative design was employed utilizing focus groups. A total of 25 male post-primary teachers took part in five focus groups. Two of the groups consisted of men who had participated in RSE training; the other three groups were with men who had not. The analysis of the data suggested that there was reluctance on the part of male teachers to teach RSE, and that they feel under threat about their personal and professional identity. They felt under threat both from internal personal forces, in the form of mental models assimilated through personal history and upbringing, and from external organisational forces, communicated through the local school and wider social culture. The data indicate the need for professional development and support that is tailored specifically for male teachers. In order to support male teachers to become more involved in school health promotion and in the teaching of health curricula, pre-service education needs to prioritize key issues such as gender roles and identity.

The study aimed to identify the degree to which government school principals' practice technological leadership in the Directorate of Education\ North Hebron from the point of view of teachers, as the study population consisted of (2273) male and female teachers, including (1013) male and (1260) male teachers. The study sample was a simple random sample of (132) male and female teachers. The researchers used the questionnaire as a tool for their study, and it consisted of (22) items. The results of the study indicate that the degree to which government school principals’ practice technological leadership in the Directorate of Education/North Hebron from the teachers’ point of view on the overall score came in at a moderate degree, with an arithmetic average of (3.34). The results also indicated that there were no apparent differences in the degree of practicing technological leadership depending on the variables of the study: gender, years of experience, and educational qualification. The researchers recommended involving public school principals in training courses on the concept of technological leadership, its fields, and how to employ technology in this, and providing technological support to schools. The originality of this study lies in its focus on the topic of technological leadership within the Directorates of Education in Palestine in general, and specifically in North Hebron, as it represents an innovative and practical step implemented by the Ministry of Education.

Introduction

The 1996 Annual Conference of the Institute of Physics Education Group was dedicated to the IoP commitment to producing a new, exciting post-16 physics course - including an A-level which it hopes will 'be offered by more than half of the examining boards existing at that time'. Interestingly enough, the first lecture of the Conference was given by Carolyn Swain of SCAA, who summarized the recommendations of the Dearing Report (see the Editorial in the May issue) - one of which is a proposed reduction in the number of both boards and syllabuses at this level. It is quite hard to keep up.

GIANMARIA AJANi is Professor of Private Comparative Law, University of Trento, Faculty of Law. Director of the Department of Law, University of Trento. I wish to thank James Gordley, Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley, and Ugo Mattei, Professor of Law at the Universities of Trento and California at Hastings, for their helpful comments. Research for this paper has been done at the University of California, Berkeley and San Diego, and at the University of Leiden, in Netherlands. 1. This article deals with the fact of a widespread borrowing of legal models in post-Soviet States and Central and Eastern Europe; it also raises some questions on the effects of that borrowing. In order not to lose the focus of this study, I have not entered the terminological debate on the meaning of current notions used to explain legal change. circulation, influence, are used here as words that refer to the same phenomenon: a wide supply of scholarly and statutory legal models to post-socialist legislators. This is not to say that I do not consider the difference between a set of more general terms (such as borrowing, or influence) that indicate the process of legal change, and narrower concepts (such as legal transplants, or reception), that refer to the result of a circulation. A second note is related to the aptitude of the new models to match the needs of post-socialist societies. Here I am simply casting some doubts on the consistency between the contents of new models supplied by foreign institutions and the needs of the post-socialist economies. Further research on the implementation of the borrowing, as well as on the role of legal professions in the application of new solutions, will help us to understand the capacity and the significance of legal reforms in post-Soviet states and Central and Eastern Europe. On terminology see Wise, The Transplant of Legal Patterns, 38 Am. J. Comp. L. 1 (1990 Supp.). Following Wolfgang Wiegand: It is possible to differentiate between transfer, transplantation, importation and reception. A closer observation, however, reveals that such terminology does not adequately describe or explain the effective procedure of The Reception of American Law in Europe, 39 Am. J. Comp. L. 229, at 236, fi. 14 (1991). Alan Watson has noticed that: Actually, receptions and transplants come in all shapes and sizes. One might think also of an imposed reception, solicited imposition, penetration, infiltration, crypto-reception, inoculation and so on, and it would be perfectly possible to distinguish these and classify them systematically. [Watson suggests that there is] no point in elaborating a detailed classification of borrowing until individual instances have been examined to see what they reveal. Legal Transplants. An Approach to Comparative Law at 30 (1974).

Response to “Thinking About Our Work: What Do We Mean by ‘Mental Health’?” Justin Hecht1 issn 0362-4021 © 2017 Eastern Group Psychotherapy Society group, Vol. 41, No. 2, Summer 2017 155 1 Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and private practice, San Francisco. Correspondence should be addressed to Justin Hecht, PhD, CGP, FAGPA, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143. E-mail: justin@justinhecht.com. I would like personally and professionally to endorse the spirit and substance of Lee Kassan’s brief comment on the problems with the increasing medicalization of psychotherapy. I’d like to do so in the context of my personal life and my professional thoughts. As I was thinking about how to respond, I thought about how I spend my weekend, and how this relates to group psychotherapy. My partner, Erik, and I are lucky enough to live in the Sonoma County wine country, north of San Francisco. It’s a beautiful, tranquil region of vineyards, redwoods, and (in good years) rivers. On most Friday mornings, I go to a serene old church in Santa Rosa and meet with a group that ranges in size from six to 10 people. The church was built from two giant redwood trees and has a soft, warm glow of reddish brown. (I like to think that the spirit of the tree is with us somehow.) We sit in a circle and meditate and pray and take turns reading from the Book of Common Prayer. All of us are seeking comfort, guidance, and direction from something larger than ourselves, and we help each other out, sharing bits and pieces of our lives. Something in me senses that I am walking in the footsteps of many, many generations of my ancestors. Even though the old scriptures don’t always make complete sense to me, the feeling of belonging, tradition, and continuity is deeply healing, grounding, and sustaining. On most Saturday mornings, I drive along the Russian River to Guerneville, a funky old frontier town popular with bikers, and go up a winding, narrow road to a cabin with a bamboo-floored Zendo in the basement. There, I sit in silent meditation with a group that also ranges from six to 10 people. After we sit in silence for 156 hecht 35 minutes, we take a brief break and hear from Tony, our priest, a gentle ex-hippie whose life experiences help him translate the dharma into relevant and helpful talks. We also share helpful advice about propane deliveries and water levels. I’ve come to think of these two groups on Friday and Saturday mornings as very much my psychotherapy groups. Psyche, after all, is the Greek word for “soul,” and therapy means “to heal, to wait on, to attend to.” All of us in these two groups are seeking to heal or attend to our souls. When I was in Philadelphia for graduate school, I used to like to go to Quaker meetings, where I would sit with the friends and wait to speak “until the spirit moved me.” I mention these three kinds of experiences because I believe that they represent the archetypal roots of group soul healing—group psychotherapy. As Kassan writes, most of us have known times of disconnection and unhappiness in our own lives. And most of our clients seek to work with us to alleviate the pain that they are facing , to grow in wisdom and in hope that we will be able to provide a perspective on what ails them. It’s my feeling that when we medicalize this very human need to connect and to work on our souls, not only do we objectify our clients in a harmful way but we also lose our own connection with our ancestors, our traditions, and our innate human need to be part of a healing circle. My hope is that we can embrace the ancient archetypal roots of what we are doing and, in so doing, be present in a deeply soulful way for those who seek our assistance. ...

School leaders face challenges in using technology to upgrade teaching and learning processes in the twenty-first century as they must also become role models in its usage. Thus technology must be used not only for teaching and learning processes, but also in their organisational management. The aim of this research is first, to identify the level of technology leadership and competency in curriculum activity management among secondary school principals in Malaysia; second, to determine if technology leadership practices and curriculum activity management differ based on school location; third, to analyse if there is a correlation between technology leadership and competency of curriculum activity management. This quantitative style research used questionnaire for data collection involving 341 randomly selected Malaysian principals. Data collected was then analysed using descriptive and inference analysis. Findings show that Malaysian principals practice technology leadership at a very high level, and are also very competent at managing curriculum activity. T-test analysis found that urban principals’ technology leadership practices are significantly higher than their rural counterparts, but their curriculum management competencies are at the same level. Findings also show that there is a low yet significant correlation between technology leadership and curriculum management competencies. In light of this information, we recommend further in-depth studies to explore the rural-urban gap technology leadership scenario, thus finding possible solutions in narrowing the academic achieve- ment gap between rural and urban schools.

National task forces, commissions, and other ad hoc advisory bodies-both public and pr ivate-have been a prominent feature of the American political landscape since the turn of the century. However, studies of their impact on public policy are relatively recent and have focused primarily on presidential commissions. Privately sponsored bodies have received considerably less attention. This essay reports on a study we conducted with the support of The Commonwealth Fund to learn more about the impact of foundation-funded commissions on national health policy decisions. The study had two main objectives: (1) to assess the policy impact of one of Commonwealth’s own recent commissions (the Task Force on Academic Health Centers), and (2) to extrapolate from the specific experiences of the task force and a small comparison group of commissions some practical lessons about the composition, conduct, and impact of such bodies. Because the sponsorship and funding of commissions is but one way foundations seek to influence public policy, our study cannot settle broader arguments about the policy role of foundations. It can, however, provide useful information for foundations and other sponsors about the design and management of ad hoc advisory bodies. Study methods. We defined foundation-funded commission as (1) an ad hoc, task-oriented advisory body, (2) sponsored (that is, established) by a foundation or other private institution or organization, and (3) funded by one or more foundations to deliberate and formulate recommendations on an issue of public policy. We excluded from this definition all governmental commissions (for example, all ad hoc advisory bodies established by executive or legislative mandate or regulation), even

We are delighted to dedicate this special issue to celebrate the 65th birthday of Professor Avi Bar-Cohen. Dr. Avram Bar-Cohen is an internationally recognized leader in thermal science and technology, an Honorary member of ASME, and Fellow of IEEE, as well as Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Maryland. His publications, lectures, short courses, and research outcomes, as well as professional service in ASME and IEEE, have helped to create the scientific foundation for the thermal management of electronic components and systems and pioneered techniques for energy-efficient sustainable design of manufactured products. His current research focuses on two-phase microgap and microchannel coolers for high heat flux electronic components, on-chip thermoelectrics for hot spot remediation, thermal control of power amplifiers and photonics, and polymer-fiber composite heat exchangers. Bar-Cohen was the general chair for the 2010 International Heat Transfer Conference in Washington DC and is the President of the Assembly of International Heat Transfer Conferences. From 2001 to 2010, he served as the Chair of Mechanical Engineering at Maryland and is currently on assignment as a Program Manager in the Microsystem Technology Office at the Defense Advanced Projects Agency in Virginia.In addition to Honorary membership in ASME, Bar-Cohen’s honors include the Luikov Medal from the International Center for Heat and Mass Transfer in Turkey (2008), ASME’s Heat Transfer Memorial Award (1999), Curriculum Innovation Award (1999), Edwin F. Church Medal (1994) and Worcester Reed Warner Medal (2000), and the Electronic and Electrical Packaging Division’s Outstanding Contribution Award (1994) as well as the InterPack Achievement Award (2007). Bar-Cohen was the founding chair of the IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal Management in Electronic Equipment (ITHERM) in 1988 and was recognized with the IEEE CPMT Society’s Outstanding Sustained Technical Contributions Award (2002), the ASME/IEEE ITHERM Achievement Award (1998), and the THERMI Award from the IEEE/Semi-Therm Conference (1997).Bar-Cohen has co-authored Design and Analysis of Heat Sinks (Wiley, 1995) and Thermal Analysis and Control of Electronic Equipment (McGraw-Hill, 1983), and has co-edited 16 books in this field. He has authored/co-authored over 400 journal papers, refereed proceedings papers, and chapters in books; has delivered 70 keynote, plenary and invited lectures at major technical conferences and institutions, and he holds eight U.S. and three Japanese patents. He has advised to completion 64 Master’s and Ph.D. students at the University of Maryland, the University of Minnesota, and the Ben Gurion University (Beer Sheva, Israel), where he began his academic career in 1972. From 1998 to 2001, he directed the University of Minnesota Center for the Development of Technological Leadership and held the Sweatt Chair in Technological Leadership.Avram Bar-Cohen began his professional career at the Raytheon Company in Massachusetts in 1968 and for the past 44 years has been involved in the design, analysis, and optimization of thermal systems, with emphasis on the thermal packaging of electronic equipment. He has lectured widely, published extensively in the archival heat transfer and packaging literature, and taught many short courses on this subject, at universities and major conferences in the United States and abroad. He served as General Manager and Executive Consultant for packaging and physical modeling at Control Data Corporation, 1984–1989, held a succession of academic appointments, from Lecturer to Professor, in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Ben Gurion University of the Negev (Israel), 1973–1988, and was on the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1977–1978, and the Naval Postgraduate School, 1982.Many of Professor Bar Cohen’s students are currently in leadership positions around the nation and around the globe. Some of them are authors of the papers included in this issue covering a wide range of topics related to electronic systems integration and packaging. The topics are very broad ranging, and cover issues from the device level up to the data center level. The technology issues include topics related to mechanical and thermo mechanical stresses at the device level, thermal interface materials using carbon nano-tubes and other materials, thermal and mechanical issues that arise in through silicon vias in chip stacks, thermo electric cooling at the module level and optimization of enclosed aisle Data Centers using bypass recirculation among many others. This broad range of topics as well as the outstanding nature of the research and publications is a direct measure of the impact that Professor Bar-Cohen has had and continues to have on research and development in the field of electronic systems integration and packaging.We are truly delighted to dedicate this special issue to Avi, on behalf of the electronics packaging community, as a thank you for all of his current and future contributions to the community.

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was founded in 1952 and has been managed since its inception by the University of California (UC) for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Because of this long association with UC, the Laboratory has been able to recruit a world-class workforce, establish an atmosphere of intellectual freedom and innovation, and achieve recognition in relevant fields of knowledge as a scientific and technological leader. This environment and reputation are essential for sustained scientific and technical excellence. As a DOE national laboratory with about 7,000 employees, LLNL has an essential and compelling primary mission to ensure that the nation's nuclear weapons remain safe, secure, and reliable and to prevent the spread and use of nuclear weapons worldwide. The Laboratory receives funding from the DOE Assistant Secretary for Defense Programs, whose focus is stewardship of our nuclear weapons stockpile. Funding is also provided by the Deputy Administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, many Department of Defense sponsors, other federal agencies, and the private sector. As a multidisciplinary laboratory, LLNL has applied its considerable skills in high-performance computing, advanced engineering, and the management of large research and development projects to become the science and technology leader in those areas of its mission responsibility. The Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program was authorized by the U.S. Congress in 1984. The Program allows the Director of each DOE laboratory to fund advanced, creative, and innovative research and development (R&D) activities that will ensure scientific and technical vitality in the continually evolving mission areas at DOE and the Laboratory. In addition, the LDRD Program provides LLNL with the flexibility to nurture and enrich essential scientific and technical competencies, which attract the most qualified scientists and engineers. The LDRD Program also enables many collaborations with the scientific community in academia, national and international laboratories, and industry. The projects in the FY1999 LDRD portfolio were carefully selected to continue vigorous support of the strategic vision and the long-term goals of DOE and the Laboratory. Projects chosen for LDRD funding undergo stringent selection processes, which look for high-potential scientific return, emphasize strategic relevance, and feature technical peer reviews by external and internal experts. The FY1999 projects described in this annual report focus on supporting the Laboratory's national security needs: stewardship of the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile, responsibility for the counter- and nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction, development of high-performance computing, and support of DOE environmental research and waste management programs. In the past, LDRD investments have significantly enhanced LLNL scientific capabilities and greatly contributed to the Laboratory's ability to meet its national security programmatic requirements. Examples of past investments include technical precursors to the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI), special-materials processing and characterization, and biodefense. Our analysis of the FY1999 portfolio shows that it strongly supports the Laboratory's national security mission. About 95% of the LDRD dollars have directly supported LLNL's national security activities in FY1999, which far exceeds the portion of LLNL's overall budget supported by National Security Programs, which is 63% for FY1999.

In the spring and summer of 1998, the Department of Native American Studies at the University of California, Davis, organized, sponsored, and hosted two historical three-day conferences focused on the multiand interdisciplinary field of Native American Studies, or estudios indfgenas, considered from a hemispheric perspective. The first conference took place April 8-10,1998 at the University of California, Davis. The second conference was held August 19-21, 1998, in Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico at the Instituto Cultural de Oaxaca. The major resource support for the project came from Fideicomiso/U.S.-Mexico Fund for Culture (Fundaci6n CulturalBancomer/the Rockefeller Foundation/ Fondo Nacional [Mexicano] Para la Cultura y las Artes); the Humanities u Research Institute (University of California, Irvine); and UC MEXUS > (University of California, Riverside), as well as additional support from = the University of California Office of the President, and several University of California, Davis, entities, such as the Davis Humanities Institute. For Conference I we issued a call for papers and sessions; for budgetary reasons, participation in Conference II was by invitation. 3 77 Conference I was organized with three keynote speakers, six plenary sessions (two per day), and concurrent sessions each day. For Conference II we brought together a smaller group of invited scholars/ intellectuals to further the discussions that emerged during Conference I, and we focused on particular disciplinary areas within the larger field of Native American Studies.

About Our Authors

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Introduction to the proceedings: Using innovative technology to decrease the nursing demand and enhance patient care delivery