Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the release of angiogenic factors from tumor cells, leading to morphological changes, migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, ultimately leading to neovascularization. The presence of VM has been identified in breast cancer, the formation of VM also gives breast cancer a poor prognosis such as drug resistance and metastasis. The authors focus on the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, hypoxia-inducible factorα(HIFα), the P38/MAPK signaling pathway, cyclooxygenase (COX2), the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, non-coding RNAs, and the tumor phenotype in the development of VM in breast cancer, thus offering new ideas for the future treatment of breast cancer.
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