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Abstract
In the treatment of cancer and inflammation, small molecules become powerful therapeutic tools that provide new therapeutic approaches with improved efficacy and fewer side effects. This review offers a thorough summary of current developments in small-molecule drugs that target cancer and inflammatory pathways. Specifically, inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and COX receptors have demonstrated potential in the field of inflammation to help mitigate a variety of inflammatory disorders. We examine the structural design, mechanism of action, and therapeutic potential of innovative small compounds that inhibit or alter these pathways. Significant attention is placed on the dual anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of these substances. The evaluation emphasizes preclinical and clinical data, revealing the most promising candidates under development. In summary, the precise manipulation of cellular signalling pathways by small compounds constitutes a dynamic domain with the capacity to revolutionize therapeutic approaches for inflammation and cancer. Ongoing investigation of these chemicals is essential for the advancement of safer and more efficacious therapies.
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