Abstract
This study shared the fishers’ local ecological knowledge (LEK) from the two fishing villages (Peniche, Portugal, and Arraial do Cabo, Brazil), based on answers to the following key question: What are the main target species for fishing in Peniche/Arraial do Cabo? A total of 221 semi-structured interviews were conducted in the Atlantic fishing villages during 2016. Fisher´s interviews reported 42 species of marine animals from Peniche fishing community, and 40 species in Arraial do Cabo. The fisheries resources cited by fishers were assessed for vulnerability, according to the issue’s conservation based in IUCN and Brazilian Red List. We have identified the main target species for artisanal fishing in both fishing villages. The species with some degree of vulnerability included in the list of fishers in Peniche were: T. trachurus and P. glauca . In Arraial do Cabo fishing village this list is formed by nine species: P. saltatrix , E. marginatus , M. bonaci , P. glauca , M. canis , H. flavolimbatus , H. niveatus , G. galeus and P. americanus - Brazilian Subpopulation. These data acquired through the artisanal fishers of these communities can be an essential starting point for the design of future additional research on the conservation of local biological resources. Monitoring the artisanal fisheries through the informal data shared in this study can contribute to more appropriate and integrated management of the marine resources.
Highlights
Fishing is a very comprehensive activity, with around 40.3 million people involved in the production of approximately 171 million tons of fish worldwide (FAO, 2018)
It relates to food security, as it provides a crucial source of animal protein, and acts as a source of income, providing employment opportunities and directly assisting in reducing poverty (ALLISON and ELLIS, 2001; BÉNÉ, 2006)
Fishing communities maintain a parental relationship with the environment, built over the years, which allows for sustainable exploitation of local marine fauna, ensuring the maintenance of social and cultural systems (ALVES and SOUTO 2015; DEEPANANDA et al 2016)
Summary
Fishing is a very comprehensive activity, with around 40.3 million people involved in the production of approximately 171 million tons of fish worldwide (FAO, 2018) It relates to food security, as it provides a crucial source of animal protein, and acts as a source of income, providing employment opportunities and directly assisting in reducing poverty (ALLISON and ELLIS, 2001; BÉNÉ, 2006). Small scale fishers have an in-depth knowledge of the occurrence and distribution of marine resources as a result of this direct and routine contact with the environment, which has been transmitted orally among community members (BERKES, COLDING and FOLKE, 2008) This set of wisdom is labeled as local ecological knowledge (LEK) because it concerns the relationships that living beings have with each other and with the environment where they inhabit, linked with a historical and cultural continuity in the use of resources (OLSSON and FOLKE, 2001). LEK ends up associating older people with more experience within a certain local social community (DAVIS and WAGNER, 2003)
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