Abstract
AbstractAlthough considerable controversy remains as to the etiology and pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia, epidemiologic evidence is compelling in supporting the role of neuroleptics as a major factor in the development of this syndrome. Current evidence suggests that tardive dyskinesia is a heterogeneous condition in terms of nature of onset, phenomenology, course, and response to specific treatments or pharmacologic probes. The point prevalence of tardive dyskinesia varies widely depending on the nature of the patient population and the criterion utilized to identify a “case.” The incidence of tardive dyskine‐sia among relatively young patients of varying diagnoses exposed to neuroleptics appears to be approximately 3–4% per year of cumulative neuroleptic exposure, at least for the first 6 years of such treatment. Age, vulnerability to acute extrapyramidal side effects, and a diagnosis of affective illness appear to be associated with increased risk of tardive dyskinesia development. There is clearly a need to take this aspect into consideration for new drug developments.
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