Abstract
Propose: We evaluated the antibacterial potential of the crude leaf extract (CLE) and fractions hexane (HX) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) from Talinum paniculatum alone and in association with oxacillin (OXA) against OXA-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA, environment isolates) and OXA-sensitive S. aureus (OSSA, ATCC 25923). Furthermore, toxicity tests were performed. Methods: The antibacterial activity was evaluated through checkerboard assay (broth microdilution) to establish the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). Toxicity test in mice was assessed. Results: The MIC values for the CLE and its fractions against ORSA and OSSA were in the order of HX (500 μg ml–1) = EtOAc < CLE (4000 μg ml–1). EtOAc and HX presented outstanding antibacterial activities against ORSA, and these fractions were bactericidal toward OSSA. Conversely, the associations between plant product (CLE, EtOAc, or HX) and OXA exhibited no synergistic effects. During these associations, there was an increase in OXA MICs anywhere from 2- to 4092-fold. The CLE presented absence of toxicity at a dose of 5 g kg-1 (in vivo). Conclusion: Although T. paniculatum be a good source of bioactive compounds with antistaphylococcal potential, the researchers should be cautious, since its edible leaf may interfere with OXA therapy (mitigating OXA-induced growth inhibition or killing of S. aureus and enhancing S. aureus resistance).
Highlights
Infectious diseases remain among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world
Several biological activities have been attributed to T. paniculatum and its bioactive compounds, including antibacterial and antifungal [7], estrogenic [13], antifertility [14], antinociceptive [15], and other effects: on uterine contractility and those related in folk medicine [12, 16, 17]
We evaluated the antistaphylococcal potential of the extract and fractions from the leaves of T. paniculatum alone or in association with the ß-lactam antibiotic OXA against ORSA and OXA-sensitive S. aureus (OSSA)
Summary
Infectious diseases remain among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. From the global burden associated with AMR/MDR in microorganisms, most frequent are the threat to therapeutics, prolonged illness, decreased effectiveness, creating easy targets for immunocompromised conditions, high medical costs, and high mortality rates [1,2,3,4]. Resistance to current antibiotics has limited the therapeutic armory to treat S. aureus infections [6, 7]. Approaches such as screening of plant products alone or in combination with antibiotics that can tackle AMR/MDR have been extensively reported [7,8,9,10,11]. Plants have been used in folk medicine since ancient times, and the chemical diversity and therapeutic potential are great reasons for the current interest taken in them [10]. Several biological activities have been attributed to T. paniculatum and its bioactive compounds, including antibacterial and antifungal [7], estrogenic [13], antifertility [14], antinociceptive [15], and other effects: on uterine contractility and those related in folk medicine [12, 16, 17]
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