Abstract
In today’s highly dynamic socio-economic environment, the high degree of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) poses both direct and indirect health problems for nations. This study constructed a composite Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Indicator (NCDRI) that comprises leading characteristics to predict the movement of NCDs’ prevalence, which serves as an early signaling tool for policymakers and public health sectors. A weighting scheme for both non-weighted and principal component analysis (PCA)-weighted was applied from the PCA loading factor. The findings verified that the constructed PCA-weighted approach had a remarkable lead time, which also produced better lead times and was consistent in predicting the direction of change in the fluctuations caused by NCDs’ prevalence. An appropriate regime for policymaking and implementation is required, followed by periodic monitoring and rapid action, to reduce the deadly diseases. The findings of this study demonstrate that the cost indicator marked the most significant risk factor to indicate the prevalence of NCDs; therefore, policymakers should converge on this indicator so that cost-effective interventions can result in more valuable outcomes.
Highlights
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are defined as chronic diseases that tend to have a long diagnosis and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors
The findings of this study demonstrate that the cost indicator marked the most significant risk factor to indicate the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs); policymakers should converge on this indicator so that cost-effective interventions can result in more valuable outcomes
The NCD epidemic is typically monitored via the total number of deaths from NCDs, the mortality rate due to NCDs, and the incidence of NCDs reported by the Ministry of Health (MOH) and/or the World Health Organization (WHO)
Summary
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are defined as chronic diseases that tend to have a long diagnosis and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors These diseases occur among all ages, genders, regions, and countries. The MOH and WHO reported that NCDs placed a significant health burden on countries resulting from disability and loss of healthy life years, called the burden of disease costs. This “indefinable” cost is estimated to be around RM100.79 billion yearly, which is equivalent to 7.35 percent of Malaysia’s GDP. This situation shows that NCDs hamper the social and economic development of the country
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