Takayasu arteritis presenting with large cerebral infarction in a 39-year-old Syrian woman: a case report

Abstract

Introduction and importance: Takayasu Arteritis (TA) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that primarily affects large vessels, such as the aorta and its major branches. The disease typically presents with diverse symptoms, depending on the site and degree of arterial lesions. Delayed diagnosis is common, especially in younger populations. Case presentation: A 39-year-old Syrian female presented with an initial stroke. She had no prior medical history and was otherwise healthy. On examination, she had an absent left radial pulse, a carotid bruit, and muscle weakness. Blood tests showed an elevated ESR and CRP. Computed tomography of the brain revealed a right large cerebral infarction. Multislice computed tomography angiography showed diffuse arterial wall thickening, stenosis, and occlusion of several major vessels, including the left internal carotid artery, right internal carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. Clinical discussion: The patient was diagnosed with TA based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria. She was treated with prednisolone, methotrexate, and aspirin, and her symptoms improved significantly. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering TA in the differential diagnosis of ischemic stroke, especially in young patients with atypical presentations. Early identification and management are essential to preclude critical sequelae.