Abstract
In this work it was shown that polymers can be recycled into a promising adsorbent for organic dyes and phenols waste removal. For this, a series of activated carbons (ACs) were produced from mixture of ferrocene or titanium acetylacetonate with poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) by steam activation. The introduction of ferrocene as Fe precursor was found to be an efficient catalyst in mesoporosity development during carbonization and subsequent steam activation at 850 °C, whereas the polymer based only and titanium-doped ACs are typically microporous. The porous structure parameters were determined from nitrogen adsorption isotherms measured at 77 K. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to monitor the metal distribution of metal-loaded char and the surface morphology of activated carbons. The adsorption capacity was found to be dependent mainly on pore size distribution. In the case of phenol adsorption, the adsorption was defined by volume of pore with size 0.8–1.4 nm; whereas, for Congo red best fit was observed for volume of pore with size 2–5 nm.
Highlights
The constant development of civilization leads to expansion of problems related to municipal solid waste management
Poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) synthesis: 100 cm3 g−1 of furfuryl alcohol was mixed with 0.60 cm3 g−1 of concentrated hydrochloric acid
The increase in iron content is not followed by constant increase is reactivity of char, as the highest reactivity of poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) PFA/Fe/0.1 PFA/Fe/0.2 PFA/Fe/0.3 PFA/Fe/0.35 PFA/Fe/0.45 PFA/Fe/0.5 PFA/Ti/0.1 PFA/Ti/0.3 PFA/Ti/0.5
Summary
The constant development of civilization leads to expansion of problems related to municipal solid waste management. The problems deal with collection, transport, processing or storage, and with the disposal of waste and secondary pollution of landfill. An interesting concept of reducing the waste is the production of activated carbons (ACs) from solid waste. It allows to utilize the waste and the obtained adsorbent can be used for further environment protection. The ACs can be produced by both physical and chemical activation. The physical activation of waste biomass or polymers usually gives activated carbon with well-developed microporosity and surface are in range of 400–1100 m2 g−1 [1, 2].
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