Tackling the epidemic of obesity and hypertension in children and young people

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Purpose of reviewThe prevalence of both obesity and hypertension is increasing in childhood, with considerable overlap in disease and causative factors. Evidence from studies over the past decade suggests both obesity and hypertension have summative effects on both cardiac remodelling in childhood and major adverse cardiovascular events in adulthood.Recent findingsWe highlight recent high-quality evidence reporting epidemiology of obesity, hypertension and hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) in those with obesity-related hypertension. We discuss the early life influences on BP and BMI trajectory and the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) seen in obesity hypertension. We discuss management options highlighting key contributors to compounding risk for obesity-associated hypertension across the first two decades of life, with potential windows for both individual and population-level intervention.SummaryCurrently, a large and expanding cohort of young people with multiple CVRFs is progressing toward adulthood, where they are likely to experience disproportionate cardiovascular morbidity when compared with age-matched healthy peers. These trends underscore the urgent need for co-ordinated healthcare responses to manage affected children and for robust governmental and public-health interventions to mitigate the environmental and societal drivers of this convergent epidemic.