T-2 Toxin Contamination in Grains and Selenium Concentration in Drinking Water and Grains in Kaschin–Beck Disease Endemic Areas of Qinghai Province

Abstract

It has been strongly suggested that two factors are involved in the development of Kaschin-Beck Disease (KBD), namely grains contamination with T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency. So our team undertook a survey about grains and drinking water in three rural KBD endemic villages and one non-KBD village in Qinghai Province. The level of T-2 toxin contamination in 364 grain samples was assayed using an ELISA kit. The selenium concentration in these grains and 15 drinking water samples from three KBD endemic villages were determined using the 2,3-diaminonaphthalene fluorometric assay. The results revealed that the level of T-2 toxin contamination in the samples from three KBD endemic villages was relatively high with an average level of 78.91ng/g in wheat and 47.47ng/g in flour. The T-2 toxin level in samples from the non-KBD village (12.23ng/g) was significantly lower than that of local grains from the three KBD endemic villages. The average selenium content in wheat and flour from KBD areas was 0.0045 and 0.0067μg/g, respectively. The selenium concentration in local grain samples was significantly lower than that in samples from the non-KBD village (0.0604μg/g). In addition, the selenium concentration in drinking water from three KBD endemic villages was also low (0.156μg/L). These results support a potential role of T-2 toxin contamination and selenium deficiency in KBD. Compared with non-KBD endemic areas, health hazards in grains and in the environment of KBD endemic areas were observed.