Abstract
Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC. (SZL) has long been used as a traditional remedy for diabetes, but its underlying mechanisms of action remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic activity of SZL polyphenols (SZL_EAF) via anti-hyperglycemic effect, regulation of gene expression related to lipid metabolism, glucose uptake and glucose utilization, and the gut microbiome modulation in diabetic zebrafish models. The results revealed that SZL_EAF exhibited a significant anti-hyperglycemic effect after five days of treatment. It also effectively regulated the expression of genes such as Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), Sodium–glucose cotransporters (SGLT1), and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in diabetic zebrafish models. Additionally, SZL_EAF exhibited anti-pathogenic properties, promoted probiotics under hyperglycemic conditions, and restored the gut microbiome of diabetic zebrafish to normal levels. Overall, our finding indicated that SZL_EAF alleviates diabetes by reducing the blood glucose level, regulating the expression of diabetes-related genes, and restoring the gut microbiota.
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