Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA)-mediated innate immune responses are activated in plants perceiving volatile monoterpenes. Here, we show that monoterpene-associated responses are propagated in feed-forward loops involving the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signaling components pipecolic acid, glycerol-3-phosphate, and LEGUME LECTIN-LIKE PROTEIN1 (LLP1). In this cascade, LLP1 forms a key regulatory unit in both within-plant and between-plant propagation of immunity. The data integrate molecular components of SAR into systemic signaling networks that are separate from conventional, SA-associated innate immune mechanisms. These networks are central to plant-to-plant propagation of immunity, potentially raising SAR to the population level. In this process, monoterpenes act as microbe-inducible plant volatiles, which as part of plant-derived volatile blends have the potential to promote the generation of a wave of innate immune signaling within canopies or plant stands. Hence, plant-to-plant propagation of SAR holds significant potential to fortify future durable crop protection strategies following a single volatile trigger.
Highlights
Salicylic acid (SA)-mediated innate immune responses are activated in plants perceiving volatile monoterpenes
Petiole exudates from infected llp[1] donors induced PR1 transcript accumulation in wt recipients, albeit to a lesser extent compared with petiole exudates from infected wt donors (Fig. 1b)
Petiole exudates from infected wt donors did not change PR1 transcript accumulation in llp[1] recipients (Fig. 1b), suggesting that LECTIN-LIKE PROTEIN1 (LLP1) is essential for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal perception or propagation in systemic leaves
Summary
Salicylic acid (SA)-mediated innate immune responses are activated in plants perceiving volatile monoterpenes. We show that monoterpene-associated responses are propagated in feed-forward loops involving the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signaling components pipecolic acid, glycerol-3-phosphate, and LEGUME LECTIN-LIKE PROTEIN1 (LLP1). The data integrate molecular components of SAR into systemic signaling networks that are separate from conventional, SA-associated innate immune mechanisms These networks are central to plant-to-plant propagation of immunity, potentially raising SAR to the population level. One of the main immunity-related phytohormones is salicylic acid (SA), which is essential for defense in plants against (hemi-) biotrophic pathogens[1] It acts downstream of the recognition of pathogen elicitors or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) leading to PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and of pathogen effectors leading to effector-triggered immunity (ETI)[2]. MeSA positively influences indirect defenses of plants against herbivores by attracting herbivore natural enemies, for example in tomato[5,8]
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