Abstract
A phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships is proposed for the species of Cnesterodon. A series of derived features supports the monophyly of the genus and infrageneric clades. The genus Cnesterodon is revised, with Gulapinnus considered a junior synonym. A lectotype is designated for Poecilia decemmaculata Jenyns. Nine species of Cnesterodon are recognized: C. decemmaculatus, C. carnegiei, C. brevirostratus, C. septentrionalis, C. omorgmatos, C. hypselurus, C. raddai, a new species from the rio Ribeira de Iguape, described herein, and a new species from the Rio Grande do Sul, being described by in a separate paper. Diagnoses and distribution ranges are provided for each species as well as a key to identification of the species.
Highlights
O The genus Cnesterodon Garman, 1895 comprises small poeciliids distributed in southern South America
The genus Cnesterodon was erected by Garman (1895), with Poecilia decemmaculata as type-species, for it differed from the remaining genera so far assigned to Poeciliinae: Glaridodon Garman, 1895; Girardinus; Platypoecilus Günther, 1866; Mollienesia Lesueur, 1821; Poecilia, and
Garman in the same paper with Jenyns’ (1842) description of Poecilia decemmaculata described a second species for the genus, C. scalpridens
Summary
O The genus Cnesterodon Garman, 1895 comprises small poeciliids distributed in southern South America. Garman in the same paper with Jenyns’ (1842) description of Poecilia decemmaculata described a second species for the genus, C. scalpridens. Landmarks 6 and 7 were solely taken in order to measure caudal peduncle depth in the point margin of large scale on dorsum of head to first dorsal-fin ray, of smallest depth From these landmarks, the following meaexcluding modified scale that may be present at origin of dor- sures were calculated: (a) standard length (SL), (b) head length sal fin; (b) longitudinal series scales: counted from the sec- (HL), (c) snout-occipital distance, (d) predorsal distance, (e) ond scale above pectoral fin insertion, to the end of hypural snout length, (f) orbital diameter, (g) dorsal-fin base length, plate; (c) circumpeduncular scales; (d) scales in transverse (h) postorbital length, (i) anal-fin base length, (j) body depth, row between origin of dorsal and anal fins, including minute (l) pre-pelvic length, (m) pre-anal length, (n) post-anal length, scales present in some specimens at the base of anal fin; (e) (o) caudal peduncle depth. Gonopodial rays were In species descriptions, numbers in square brackets followcounted in cleared and stained specimens.
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