Abstract
<h3>Background</h3> Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an adverse drug reaction, marked by bone destruction. Most studies have focused on its diagnosis and management. <h3>Objective</h3> The aim of this review was to explore the role of CBCT in MRONJ diagnosis. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> The following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Trip, and Cochrane Library. Search terms were "osteonecrosis," "medication-related," "radiography," "bone resorption," and "CBCT." The search for publications from 2003 onward yielded 395 articles (case reports, case series, studies, and systematic reviews). However, only 11 articles met our inclusion criteria. <h3>Results</h3> The 11 articles with 168 cases were included in a full-text qualitative analysis. Females comprised 66.6% of cases. Mean patient age was 58.5 years. CBCT findings included osteolytic lesions, osteosclerosis, sequestra, and sinus mucosal thickening. The most frequent location was the posterior mandible (62.6%). Stage 1 was most often reported (36.4%). The most frequent precipitating event was extraction (75%). Of the included cases, 52.4% were oncologic cases, and 23.8% were osteoporosis cases. Of the patients, 72.7% had taken antiresorptive medications and 4.5% antiangiogenics. Administration was mostly oral (45%). Several studies included management; 90% of articles reported antibiotic and chlorhexidine use, and 10% reported surgical intervention. <h3>Discussion</h3> CBCT is a reliable tool in the detection and staging of MRONJ. It is reported to offer advantages over multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with regard to radiation exposure and is superior to 2-dimensional imaging in the detection of MRONJ features.
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