Abstract
BackgroundIn humans, riboflavin must be obtained through intestinal absorption because it cannot be synthesized by the body. SLC52A2 encodes a membrane protein belonging to the riboflavin transporter protein family and is associated with a variety of diseases. Here, we systematically explore its relevance to multiple human tumors.MethodsWe analyzed the association of SLC52A2 with 33 tumors using publicly available databases such as TCGA and GEO. We verified the SLC52A2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, colon cancer, and rectal cancer using immunohistochemistry.ResultsWe report that SLC52A2 was highly expressed in almost all tumors, and the immunohistochemical results in the hepatocellular, gastric, colon, and rectal cancers were consistent with the above. SLC52A2 expression was linked to patient overall survival, disease-specific survival, progression-free interval, diagnosis, mutations, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, common immune checkpoint genes, and immune cells infiltration. Enrichment analysis showed that SLC52A2 was mainly enriched in oocyte meiosis, eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis, and cell cycle. In hepatocellular carcinoma, the SLC52A2 expression is an independent prognostic factor. The SNHG3 and THUMPD3-AS1/hsa-miR-139-5p-SLC52A2 axis were identified as potential regulatory pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma.ConclusionIn conclusion, we have systematically described for the first time that SLC52A2 is closely associated with a variety of tumors, especially hepatocellular carcinoma.
Highlights
Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin found in various foods
The results revealed that the SLC52A2 expression was the highest in the bone marrow, spleen and testis tissues, while the lowest in the skeletal muscle, blood, and liver (Fig. 1A)
The results demonstrated that the SLC52A2 was expressed in all 38 kinds of tumor cell lines
Summary
Riboflavin ( called vitamin B2) is a water-soluble vitamin found in various foods. It was found that the absorption of riboflavin and regulation of riboflavin tissue distribution was mainly dependent on specific transporters of the human solute carrier family 52 (SLC52) [5]. This family has been confirmed to include SLC52A1, SLC52A2, SLC52A3 [5]. SLC52A2 ( known as GPR172A, RFT3, RFVT2, PAR1) gene, located at locus 8q24.3, encodes a protein of 445-amino acid [6,7,8]. Riboflavin must be obtained through intestinal absorption because it cannot be synthesized by the body. SLC52A2 encodes a membrane protein belonging to the riboflavin transporter protein family and is associated with a variety of diseases. We systematically explore its relevance to multiple human tumors
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