Abstract
Synthetic fuels (synfuels) and chemicals (synchems) are produced by synthesis from chemical building blocks rather than by conventional petroleum refining. Synthesis gas or syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) is a common intermediate building block in the production of synfuels and synchems. Syngas can be produced by many processes, including biomass or fossil fuel gasification and by co-electrolysis. In co-electrolysis, CO2 is reacted with water to produce syngas. Conversion of CO2, which would have otherwise been released to the atmosphere, to synfuels using nuclear energy could potentially add value to existing light water reactor (LWR) facilities, while producing transportation fuels that are compatible with conventional petroleum fuels. Valorization of CO2 is complementary to carbon capture and utilization (CCU) and an alternative to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). This article presents an overview of routes for producing synfuels from CO2 and the conceptual process design, modeling and economic analysis of an example route for hydrocarbon fuel production using LWR heat and power.
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