Abstract
In this study, the phosphonation of a polyaniline (PANI) backbone was achieved in an acid medium by electrochemical methods using aminophenylphosphonic (APPA) monomers. This was done through the electrochemical copolymerization of aniline with either 2- or 4-aminophenylphosphonic acid. Stable, electroactive polymers were obtained after the oxidation of the monomers up to 1.35 V (reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results revealed that the position of the phosphonic group in the aromatic ring of the monomer affected the amount of phosphorus incorporated into the copolymer. In addition, the redox transitions of the copolymers were examined by in situ Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and it was concluded that their electroactive structures were analogous to those of PANI. From the APPA monomers it was possible to synthesize, in a controlled manner, polymeric materials with significant amounts of phosphorus in their structure through copolymerization with PANI.
Highlights
The development of new multifunctional materials with tunable properties has received increasing attention in many research fields in recent years
It was observed that the hydrogen adsorption/desorption processes that occurred at the platinum electrode between 0.05 V and 0.45 V were inhibited by the adsorption of monomers on the surface
The electrochemical oxidation of 2- and 4-aminophenylphosphonic acid (APPA) isomers was studied on platinum electrodes in aqueous acidic medium
Summary
The development of new multifunctional materials with tunable properties has received increasing attention in many research fields in recent years. This is because of their outstanding mechanical, optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, as well as their low cost and easiness of preparation. As such, conducting polymers have proven to be promising materials for a number of technological applications [1,2] Among these materials, polyaniline (PANI) stands out as an environmentally stable polymer [3,4] that can be used in fuel cells [5], energy storage systems [6,7], sensors [8], or, more recently, as a precursor of nitrogen-containing carbon materials with exceptional electrocatalytic behavior [9,10]. PANI has some major disadvantages, including a lack of solubility in common solvents and a narrow operation pH range in its conducting state [4,12], hindering its industrial applications
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